一元多项式相加相乘数据结构
时间: 2023-11-20 10:49:29 浏览: 118
一元多项式相加相乘的数据结构可以使用链表来实现。每个节点存储一个多项式的一项,包括系数和指数两个元素。具体实现可以使用头节点来表示链表的起始,每个节点包括两个指针,分别指向下一个节点和上一个节点。
在相加两个多项式时,我们可以先遍历两个链表,将同一指数的项相加,然后将结果存储在新的链表中。如果两个链表中有一条链表遍历完了,那么直接将另一条链表的剩余部分添加到结果链表中即可。
在相乘两个多项式时,我们可以先遍历其中一个链表,将每一项分别乘以另一个链表的每一项,并将结果相加。将每一项的结果插入到新的链表中,注意需要将同一指数的项相加。
相关问题
编写程序实现一元多项式的创建以及两个一元多项式相加和相乘的操作。
在编写程序实现一元多项式操作时,通常会使用数据结构来存储多项式的系数和对应的变量指数。这里我们可以使用列表或字典来表示多项式,其中键是指数,值是对应系数。以下是Python的一个简单示例:
```python
class Polynomial:
def __init__(self, coefficients={}):
self.coefficients = coefficients
def add(self, other):
result = {}
for exp, coef in self.coefficients.items():
if exp in other.coefficients:
result[exp] = coef + other.coefficients[exp]
else:
result[exp] = coef
for exp, coef in other.coefficients.items():
if exp not in self.coefficients:
result[exp] = coef
return Polynomial(result)
def multiply(self, other):
product = Polynomial()
for self_exp, self_coef in self.coefficients.items():
for other_exp, other_coef in other.coefficients.items():
if self_exp + other_exp in product.coefficients:
product.coefficients[self_exp + other_exp] += self_coef * other_coef
else:
product.coefficients[self_exp + other_exp] = self_coef * other_coef
return product
# 示例
p1 = Polynomial({0: 1, 2: 3, 3: 4}) # x^0 + 3x^2 + 4x^3
p2 = Polynomial({1: 5, 2: 6, 3: 7}) # 5x^1 + 6x^2 + 7x^3
add_result = p1.add(p2)
multiply_result = p1.multiply(p2)
print("Addition:", add_result.coefficients) # {0: 1, 1: 5, 2: 9, 3: 11}
print("Multiplication:", multiply_result.coefficients)
一元多项式的运算数据结构
一元多项式可以使用链表来实现运算的数据结构。每个节点表示多项式中的一个项,包含一个系数和一个指数。链表的每个节点按照指数降序排列,方便进行运算。
具体的数据结构可以设计如下:
```python
class Node:
def __init__(self, coefficient, exponent):
self.coefficient = coefficient # 系数
self.exponent = exponent # 指数
self.next = None # 下一个节点的指针
class Polynomial:
def __init__(self):
self.head = None # 头节点
def insert_term(self, coefficient, exponent):
# 按照指数降序插入节点
new_node = Node(coefficient, exponent)
if self.head is None or exponent > self.head.exponent:
new_node.next = self.head
self.head = new_node
else:
current = self.head
while current.next and current.next.exponent >= exponent:
current = current.next
new_node.next = current.next
current.next = new_node
def add(self, polynomial):
# 多项式相加
result = Polynomial()
current1 = self.head
current2 = polynomial.head
while current1 and current2:
if current1.exponent > current2.exponent:
result.insert_term(current1.coefficient, current1.exponent)
current1 = current1.next
elif current1.exponent < current2.exponent:
result.insert_term(current2.coefficient, current2.exponent)
current2 = current2.next
else:
result.insert_term(current1.coefficient + current2.coefficient, current1.exponent)
current1 = current1.next
current2 = current2.next
# 处理剩余的节点
while current1:
result.insert_term(current1.coefficient, current1.exponent)
current1 = current1.next
while current2:
result.insert_term(current2.coefficient, current2.exponent)
current2 = current2.next
return result
def multiply(self, polynomial):
# 多项式相乘
result = Polynomial()
current1 = self.head
while current1:
current2 = polynomial.head
while current2:
result.insert_term(current1.coefficient * current2.coefficient, current1.exponent + current2.exponent)
current2 = current2.next
current1 = current1.next
return result
def display(self):
# 打印多项式
if self.head is None:
print("Empty polynomial")
else:
current = self.head
while current:
if current.coefficient == 0:
current = current.next
continue
if current.coefficient > 0:
print("+", end="")
print(current.coefficient, end="")
if current.exponent > 0:
print("x^" + str(current.exponent), end="")
current = current.next
print()
```
使用上述数据结构,可以创建两个多项式对象,进行加法和乘法运算,并输出结果。
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