霍夫曼编码matlab实现

以下是霍夫曼编码的Matlab实现示例：

function [code, dict] = huffman_encoding(symbols, probabilities)
% HUFFMAN_ENCODING - Huffman编码的Matlab实现
%   symbols: 符号数组
%   probabilities: 符号对应的概率数组
%   code: 编码结果
%   dict: 字典，含每个符号对应的编码

% 构建霍夫曼树
n = length(symbols);
nodes = cell(n, 1);
for i = 1:n
    nodes{i} = struct('symbol', symbols(i), 'prob', probabilities(i), 'code', '');
end
while length(nodes) > 1
    [prob, idx] = sort(cellfun(@(x) x.prob, nodes));
    left = nodes{idx(1)};
    right = nodes{idx(2)};
    for i = 1:length(left)
        left(i).code = ['0', left(i).code];
    end
    for i = 1:length(right)
        right(i).code = ['1', right(i).code];
    end
    nodes{idx(1)} = struct('symbol', [left.symbol, right.symbol], 'prob', left.prob + right.prob, 'code', '');
    nodes{idx(1)}.left = left;
    nodes{idx(1)}.right = right;
    nodes(idx(2)) = [];
end

% 构建字典
dict = struct();
for i = 1:n
    dict.(symbols(i)) = nodes{1}.(symbols(i)).code;
end

% 构建编码结果
code = '';
for i = 1:length(symbols)
    code = [code, dict.(symbols(i))];
end

end