用cubemx和keil5写出用stm32f103和霍尔传感器的测速程序并显示到lcd1602上

首先，使用CubeMX进行配置：

1. 打开CubeMX，选择STM32F103C8T6芯片
2. 配置RCC时钟，选择HSE作为主时钟源，并启用外部晶体振荡器
3. 配置GPIO口，选择PB6和PB7作为TIM4的输入捕获通道，PA0作为霍尔传感器的输入口，PA5和PA6作为LCD1602的控制口
4. 配置TIM4为输入捕获模式，设置预分频器为72-1，计数器为65535，输入捕获通道设置为CH1和CH2，使能自动重载寄存器

然后，生成代码并在Keil5中打开：

1. 在生成的代码中找到main.c文件，添加以下代码：

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "lcd1602.h"

TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();

  lcd1602_init();

  while (1)
  {
    uint16_t cnt = __HAL_TIM_GET_COUNTER(&htim4);
    lcd1602_setCursor(0,0);
    lcd1602_printf("Speed: %d", cnt);
    HAL_Delay(1000);
  }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_TIM4_Init(void)
{
  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};
  TIM_IC_InitTypeDef sConfigIC = {0};

  htim4.Instance = TIM4;
  htim4.Init.Prescaler = 71;
  htim4.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim4.Init.Period = 65535;
  htim4.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim4, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_IC_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sConfigIC.ICPolarity = TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING;
  sConfigIC.ICSelection = TIM_ICSELECTION_DIRECTTI;
  sConfigIC.ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  sConfigIC.ICFilter = 0;
  if (HAL_TIM_IC_ConfigChannel(&htim4, &sConfigIC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  if (HAL_TIM_IC_ConfigChannel(&htim4, &sConfigIC, TIM_CHANNEL_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim4, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

void Error_Handler(void)
{
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
}

2. 在生成的代码中找到lcd1602.c和lcd1602.h文件，将它们添加到项目中
3. 在lcd1602.c文件中添加以下代码：

#include "lcd1602.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"

extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;

#define LCD1602_E_PORT GPIOA
#define LCD1602_E_PIN GPIO_PIN_5
#define LCD1602_RS_PORT GPIOA
#define LCD1602_RS_PIN GPIO_PIN_6

void lcd1602_write(uint8_t data) 
{
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD1602_RS_PORT, LCD1602_RS_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD1602_E_PORT, LCD1602_E_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
  HAL_GPIO_Write(GPIOB, 0x00FF, data);
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD1602_E_PORT, LCD1602_E_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
  HAL_Delay(1);
}

void lcd1602_init() 
{
  HAL_Delay(15);
  lcd1602_write(0x30);
  HAL_Delay(5);
  lcd1602_write(0x30);
  HAL_Delay(1);
  lcd1602_write(0x30);
  HAL_Delay(1);
  lcd1602_write(0x38); // function set
  lcd1602_write(0x06); // entry mode set
  lcd1602_write(0x0C); // display control
  lcd1602_write(0x01); // clear display
}

void lcd1602_setCursor(uint8_t col, uint8_t row) 
{
  uint8_t addr = 0x80 | (col + (row * 0x40));
  lcd1602_write(addr);
}

void lcd1602_printf(char* format, ...) 
{
  char buffer[16];
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, format);
  vsprintf(buffer, format, args);
  va_end(args);

  for (int i = 0; i < strlen(buffer); i++) 
  {
    lcd1602_write(buffer[i]);
  }
}

4. 编译并下载程序到STM32F103芯片中，连接好霍尔传感器和LCD1602

这个程序的实现原理是通过TIM4计数器记录输入捕获的脉冲数，然后将计数器的值显示在LCD1602上。霍尔传感器的输出信号连接到PA0口，TIM4的输入捕获通道1和通道2分别连接到PB6口和PB7口。LCD1602的控制口分别连接到PA5口和PA6口。