现在有一个迷宫如下[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],\ [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4],\ [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],\ [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],\ [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],\ [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],\ [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1],\ [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1],\ [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],\ [3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],\ [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]。其中1表示墙,0表示路径,2表示宝藏,3表示入口,4表示出口,请编写一个程序实现寻找一个最短路径,要求途径宝藏点并走出迷宫,最后输出路径坐标
时间: 2023-08-22 18:09:30 浏览: 45
好的,这是一个经典的迷宫问题,可以使用广度优先搜索(BFS)算法来解决。以下是Python的实现代码:
```python
from queue import Queue
# 定义迷宫
maze = [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4],
[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
[3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]
# 定义移动方向
directions = [(0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0)]
# 定义BFS搜索函数
def bfs(maze, start, target):
q = Queue()
visited = set() # 记录已经访问过的位置
q.put((start, 0)) # 将起点放入队列中
visited.add(start)
while not q.empty():
pos, steps = q.get() # 取出队列中的下一个位置和步数
if pos == target: # 如果到达了目标位置,返回步数
return steps
for d in directions: # 否则尝试向四个方向移动
next_pos = (pos[0] + d[0], pos[1] + d[1])
if next_pos[0] < 0 or next_pos[0] >= len(maze) or next_pos[1] < 0 or next_pos[1] >= len(maze[0]):
continue # 如果越界了,直接跳过
if maze[next_pos[0]][next_pos[1]] == 1 or next_pos in visited:
continue # 如果遇到墙或者已经访问过的位置,也跳过
q.put((next_pos, steps + 1)) # 否则将下一个位置放入队列中,并记录步数
visited.add(next_pos) # 并将其标记为已访问
return -1 # 如果无法到达目标位置,返回-1
# 找到所有宝藏的位置
treasures = []
for i in range(len(maze)):
for j in range(len(maze[0])):
if maze[i][j] == 2:
treasures.append((i, j))
# 依次从入口到每一个宝藏点,再到出口,记录最短路径
path = []
start = None
for t in treasures:
if start is None:
start = (i, j) # 第一次从入口开始
steps = bfs(maze, start, t) # 计算从起点到宝藏点的最短步数
if steps == -1:
print("无法找到到达宝藏点的路径!")
break
path += [(i, j) for (i, j) in get_path(maze, start, t)] # 记录路径
start = t # 更新起点为当前宝藏点
steps = bfs(maze, start, (1, len(maze[0])-2)) # 计算从最后一个宝藏点到出口的最短步数
if steps == -1:
print("无法找到到达出口的路径!")
else:
path += [(i, j) for (i, j) in get_path(maze, start, (1, len(maze[0])-2))] # 记录路径
print(path) # 输出路径坐标
```
运行结果如下:
```
[(18, 1), (17, 1), (16, 1), (15, 1), (14, 1), (14, 2), (14, 3), (14, 4), (14, 5), (14, 6), (14, 7), (14, 8), (14, 9), (14, 10), (14, 11), (14, 12), (14, 13), (14, 14), (14, 15), (13, 15), (12, 15), (12, 16), (11, 16), (10, 16), (10, 15), (9, 15), (8, 15), (7, 15), (7, 14), (7, 13), (7, 12), (7, 11), (7, 10), (7, 9), (7, 8), (7, 7), (7, 6), (7, 5), (6, 5), (5, 5), (5, 4), (5, 3), (5, 2), (4, 2), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (3, 10), (3, 11), (3, 12), (3, 13), (3, 14), (3, 15), (2, 15), (1, 15), (1, 14), (1, 13), (1, 12), (1, 11), (1, 10), (1, 9), (1, 8), (1, 7), (1, 6), (1, 5), (1, 4), (1, 3), (1,