用C语言编写 ：用单链表表示一元多项式，并实现一元多项式的输入和输出，计算并返回一元多项式中一共有多少项数据，得到一元多项式中指数最大的系数并打印输出，输入系数和指数，如果元素存在，则删除之，否则打印出错信息。

以下是 C 语言的代码实现：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
    int coefficient;    // 系数
    int exponent;       // 指数
    struct Node* next;  // 指向下一个节点的指针
};

typedef struct Node* Polynomial;  // 定义多项式类型

// 创建一个多项式节点
struct Node* create_node(int coefficient, int exponent) {
    struct Node* node = (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    node->coefficient = coefficient;
    node->exponent = exponent;
    node->next = NULL;
    return node;
}

// 在多项式后插入一个节点
void insert_node(Polynomial* polynomial, int coefficient, int exponent) {
    struct Node* node = create_node(coefficient, exponent);
    if (*polynomial == NULL) {
        *polynomial = node;
    } else {
        struct Node* pointer = *polynomial;
        while (pointer->next != NULL) {
            pointer = pointer->next;
        }
        pointer->next = node;
    }
}

// 输出多项式
void print_polynomial(Polynomial polynomial) {
    struct Node* pointer = polynomial;
    while (pointer != NULL) {
        if (pointer != polynomial && pointer->coefficient > 0) {
            printf("+");  // 如果系数为正，则在前面加上加号
        }
        if (pointer->coefficient != 1 || pointer->exponent == 0) {
            printf("%d", pointer->coefficient);
        }
        if (pointer->exponent > 0) {
            printf("x");
            if (pointer->exponent > 1) {
                printf("^%d", pointer->exponent);
            }
        }
        pointer = pointer->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

// 计算多项式中一共有多少项数据
int count_terms(Polynomial polynomial) {
    int count = 0;
    struct Node* pointer = polynomial;
    while (pointer != NULL) {
        count++;
        pointer = pointer->next;
    }
    return count;
}

// 找到一元多项式中指数最大的系数
int find_max_coefficient(Polynomial polynomial) {
    int max_coefficient = 0;
    struct Node* pointer = polynomial;
    while (pointer != NULL) {
        if (pointer->exponent == 0 && pointer->coefficient > max_coefficient) {
            max_coefficient = pointer->coefficient;
        }
        pointer = pointer->next;
    }
    return max_coefficient;
}

// 删除一元多项式中指数和系数相同的节点
void delete_node(Polynomial* polynomial, int coefficient, int exponent) {
    if (*polynomial == NULL) {
        printf("Error: The polynomial is empty!\n");
    } else if ((*polynomial)->coefficient == coefficient && (*polynomial)->exponent == exponent) {
        struct Node* temp = *polynomial;
        *polynomial = (*polynomial)->next;
        free(temp);
    } else {
        struct Node* pointer = *polynomial;
        while (pointer->next != NULL && (pointer->next->coefficient != coefficient || pointer->next->exponent != exponent)) {
            pointer = pointer->next;
        }
        if (pointer->next == NULL) {
            printf("Error: The node does not exist!\n");
        } else {
            struct Node* temp = pointer->next;
            pointer->next = pointer->next->next;
            free(temp);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    Polynomial polynomial = NULL;
    int coefficient, exponent;
    char operation;

    do {
        scanf("%c", &operation);
        switch (operation) {
        case 'i':  // 输入多项式
            scanf("%d %d", &coefficient, &exponent);
            insert_node(&polynomial, coefficient, exponent);
            break;
        case 'o':  // 输出多项式
            print_polynomial(polynomial);
            break;
        case 'c':  // 计算多项式中一共有多少项数据
            printf("%d\n", count_terms(polynomial));
            break;
        case 'm':  // 得到一元多项式中指数最大的系数并打印输出
            printf("%d\n", find_max_coefficient(polynomial));
            break;
        case 'd':  // 删除节点
            scanf("%d %d", &coefficient, &exponent);
            delete_node(&polynomial, coefficient, exponent);
            break;
        }
    } while (operation != 'q');

    return 0;
}

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