哈夫曼编码c语言代码

以下是哈夫曼编码的 C 语言代码实现：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_TREE_HT 100

struct MinHeapNode {
    char data;
    unsigned freq;
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right;
};

struct MinHeap {
    unsigned size;
    unsigned capacity;
    struct MinHeapNode **array;
};

struct MinHeapNode *newNode(char data, unsigned freq)
{
    struct MinHeapNode *temp =
        (struct MinHeapNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode));

    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->freq = freq;

    return temp;
}

struct MinHeap *createMinHeap(unsigned capacity)
{
    struct MinHeap *minHeap =
        (struct MinHeap *)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap));

    minHeap->size = 0;

    minHeap->capacity = capacity;

    minHeap->array =
        (struct MinHeapNode **)malloc(minHeap->capacity *
                                       sizeof(struct MinHeapNode *));
    return minHeap;
}

void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode **a,
                     struct MinHeapNode **b)
{
    struct MinHeapNode *t = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = t;
}

void minHeapify(struct MinHeap *minHeap, int idx)
{
    int smallest = idx;
    int left = 2 * idx + 1;
    int right = 2 * idx + 2;

    if (left < minHeap->size &&
        minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = left;

    if (right < minHeap->size &&
        minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
        smallest = right;

    if (smallest != idx) {
        swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]);
        minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
    }
}

int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap *minHeap)
{
    return (minHeap->size == 1);
}

struct MinHeapNode *extractMin(struct MinHeap *minHeap)
{
    struct MinHeapNode *temp = minHeap->array[0];
    minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];
    --minHeap->size;
    minHeapify(minHeap, 0);
    return temp;
}

void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap *minHeap,
                   struct MinHeapNode *minHeapNode)
{
    ++minHeap->size;
    int i = minHeap->size - 1;

    while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
        minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
        i = (i - 1) / 2;
    }
    minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}

void buildMinHeap(struct MinHeap *minHeap)
{
    int n = minHeap->size - 1;
    int i;

    for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i)
        minHeapify(minHeap, i);
}

void printArr(int arr[], int n)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d", arr[i]);

    printf("\n");
}

int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode *root)
{
    return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}

struct MinHeap *createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size)
{
    struct MinHeap *minHeap = createMinHeap(size);

    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]);

    minHeap->size = size;
    buildMinHeap(minHeap);

    return minHeap;
}

struct MinHeapNode *buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size)
{
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top;
    struct MinHeap *minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size);
    while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) {
        left = extractMin(minHeap);
        right = extractMin(minHeap);

        top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);

        top->left = left;
        top->right = right;

        insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
    }
    return extractMin(minHeap);
}

void printCodes(struct MinHeapNode *root, int arr[], int top)
{
    if (root->left) {
        arr[top] = 0;
        printCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
    }

    if (root->right) {
        arr[top] = 1;
        printCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
    }

    if (isLeaf(root)) {
        printf("%c: ", root->data);
        printArr(arr, top);
    }
}

void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size)
{
    struct MinHeapNode *root
        = buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size);
    int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;
    printCodes(root, arr, top);
}

int main()
{
    char arr[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
    int freq[] = { 5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45 };
    int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    HuffmanCodes(arr, freq, size);
    return 0;
}

这段代码实现了哈夫曼编码的构建，通过输入字符及其出现频率，构建出哈夫曼树，并生成对应的编码。