设计实现一个基于哈夫曼算法的压缩软件,统计文件中各字符出现的频次,设计哈夫曼编码,实现文件的压缩及解压缩。
时间: 2024-01-24 13:17:35 浏览: 59
哈夫曼编码实现文件的压缩与解压
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哈夫曼编码是一种可变长度编码的一种方法,用于对一个字符集中的每个字符构建唯一的编码。它的基本思想是将出现频率较高的字符用较短的编码表示,出现频率较低的字符用较长的编码表示,以达到压缩数据的目的。
下面是一个基于哈夫曼算法的压缩软件的设计实现步骤:
1. 统计文件中各字符出现的频次,得到字符频率表。
2. 根据字符频率表构建哈夫曼树,生成哈夫曼编码。
3. 遍历文件中的每个字符,使用哈夫曼编码替换原始字符,生成压缩文件。
4. 解压缩时,读取压缩文件中的哈夫曼编码,还原原始字符,生成解压缩文件。
下面是一个Python代码实现:
```python
import heapq
import os
class HuffmanCoding:
def __init__(self):
self.heap = []
self.codes = {}
self.reverse_mapping = {}
class HeapNode:
def __init__(self, char, freq):
self.char = char
self.freq = freq
self.left = None
self.right = None
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.freq < other.freq
def __eq__(self, other):
if(other == None):
return False
if(not isinstance(other, HeapNode)):
return False
return self.freq == other.freq
def make_frequency_dict(self, text):
frequency = {}
for character in text:
if not character in frequency:
frequency[character] = 0
frequency[character] += 1
return frequency
def make_heap(self, frequency):
for key in frequency:
node = self.HeapNode(key, frequency[key])
heapq.heappush(self.heap, node)
def merge_nodes(self):
while(len(self.heap)>1):
node1 = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
node2 = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
merged = self.HeapNode(None, node1.freq + node2.freq)
merged.left = node1
merged.right = node2
heapq.heappush(self.heap, merged)
def make_codes_helper(self, root, current_code):
if(root == None):
return
if(root.char != None):
self.codes[root.char] = current_code
self.reverse_mapping[current_code] = root.char
return
self.make_codes_helper(root.left, current_code + "0")
self.make_codes_helper(root.right, current_code + "1")
def make_codes(self):
root = heapq.heappop(self.heap)
current_code = ""
self.make_codes_helper(root, current_code)
def get_encoded_text(self, text):
encoded_text = ""
for character in text:
encoded_text += self.codes[character]
return encoded_text
def pad_encoded_text(self, encoded_text):
extra_padding = 8 - len(encoded_text) % 8
for i in range(extra_padding):
encoded_text += "0"
padded_info = "{0:08b}".format(extra_padding)
encoded_text = padded_info + encoded_text
return encoded_text
def get_byte_array(self, padded_encoded_text):
if(len(padded_encoded_text) % 8 != 0):
print("Encoded text not padded properly")
exit(0)
b = bytearray()
for i in range(0, len(padded_encoded_text), 8):
byte = padded_encoded_text[i:i+8]
b.append(int(byte, 2))
return b
def compress(self, text, file_name):
frequency = self.make_frequency_dict(text)
self.make_heap(frequency)
self.merge_nodes()
self.make_codes()
encoded_text = self.get_encoded_text(text)
padded_encoded_text = self.pad_encoded_text(encoded_text)
b = self.get_byte_array(padded_encoded_text)
with open(file_name, 'wb') as output:
output.write(bytes(b))
print("Compressed")
return file_name
def remove_padding(self, padded_encoded_text):
padded_info = padded_encoded_text[:8]
extra_padding = int(padded_info, 2)
padded_encoded_text = padded_encoded_text[8:]
encoded_text = padded_encoded_text[:-1*extra_padding]
return encoded_text
def decode_text(self, encoded_text):
current_code = ""
decoded_text = ""
for bit in encoded_text:
current_code += bit
if(current_code in self.reverse_mapping):
character = self.reverse_mapping[current_code]
decoded_text += character
current_code = ""
return decoded_text
def decompress(self, file_name):
with open(file_name, 'rb') as file:
bit_string = ""
byte = file.read(1)
while(len(byte)>0):
byte = ord(byte)
bits = bin(byte)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
bit_string += bits
byte = file.read(1)
encoded_text = self.remove_padding(bit_string)
decompressed_text = self.decode_text(encoded_text)
print("Decompressed")
return decompressed_text
```
使用方法:
```python
h = HuffmanCoding()
output_path = h.compress("example.txt", "compressed.bin")
decompressed_text = h.decompress(output_path)
```
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