Study, construct and verify the operation of a clocked SR latch (built using four NAND gates), and then describe in your own words how a clocked SR latch works. Your answer must also include a labelled schematic diagram of your clocked SR latch. Note: Please make sure you indicate how different pins are connected.

Sure, I understand your question. Here is a labelled schematic diagram of a clocked SR latch built using four NAND gates:

        +------+    +------+
Clk --- |      |    |      |
        |  N1  |----|  N2  |--- Q
S   --- |      |    |      |
        +------+    +------+
          |            |
          |    +------+|
          +----|      ||
               |  N3  ||
          +----|      ||--- /Q
          |    +------+|
          |            |
          |    +------+|
          +----|      ||
               |  N4  ||
               |      ||
               +------+

In this diagram, N1 and N2 are cross-coupled NAND gates, which form the latch part of the circuit. N3 and N4 are NAND gates which act as enable gates and are controlled by the clock signal Clk.

To understand how this circuit works, let's first consider the basic SR latch without a clock. When S (set) is high and R (reset) is low, the output Q is set to high and /Q (not Q) is set to low. When S is low and R is high, Q is set to low and /Q is set to high. When both inputs are low, the previous state of the latch is maintained. However, when both inputs are high, the outputs are not well-defined and can oscillate or "race" between the two states.

The clocked SR latch adds a clock signal to control the enable gates N3 and N4. When the clock signal is high, the enable gates are open and the SR latch operates normally, as described above. However, when the clock signal is low, the enable gates are closed and the outputs are "latched" in their current state, ignoring any changes in the inputs. This is because the cross-coupled NAND gates N1 and N2 hold the outputs in their current state, while the enable gates block any changes from the inputs.

In summary, a clocked SR latch is a circuit that combines a basic SR latch with enable gates controlled by a clock signal. When the clock is high, the SR latch operates normally, but when the clock is low, the outputs are "latched" in their current state. This circuit is commonly used in digital systems to synchronize signals and avoid "race" conditions.