以二叉链表作为二叉树的存储结构。设计算法求二叉树中第一条最长的路径长度,并输出此路径上各结点的值。要求:(1)给出二叉链表中结点类型BTNode定义;(2)给出算法的基本设计思想;(3)根据设计思想,采用C或者C++语言描述算法
时间: 2024-01-22 16:20:35 浏览: 35
1. BTNode的定义:
```
typedef struct BTNode{
char data; //结点数据
struct BTNode *lchild, *rchild; //左右孩子指针
}BTNode, *BiTree;
```
2. 基本设计思想
我们从根节点开始,遍历二叉树,对于每个节点,我们计算从该节点向下的最长路径长度,然后将其与从左右子节点向下的最长路径长度相加,得到从该节点向上的最长路径长度。如果该路径长度大于当前最长路径长度,则更新最长路径长度,并更新最长路径上的节点。
3. 算法描述
```
int maxPathLength = 0; //最长路径长度
BTNode* maxPathNode = NULL; //最长路径上的节点
int getLongestPath(BTNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return 0;
}
int leftPath = getLongestPath(root->lchild); //向左的最长路径
int rightPath = getLongestPath(root->rchild); //向右的最长路径
int curPathLength = leftPath + rightPath + 1; //从该节点向上的最长路径
if (curPathLength > maxPathLength) { //如果当前路径长度大于最长路径长度,则更新
maxPathLength = curPathLength;
maxPathNode = root;
}
return max(leftPath, rightPath) + 1; //返回从该节点向下的最长路径
}
void printPath(BTNode* root) { //输出最长路径上的节点
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
printPath(root->lchild);
printf("%c ", root->data);
printPath(root->rchild);
}
void getAndPrintLongestPath(BTNode* root) { //获取最长路径并输出
getLongestPath(root);
printf("The longest path length is %d\n", maxPathLength);
printf("The nodes on the longest path are: ");
printPath(maxPathNode);
}
```
4. 完整代码(C++)
```cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef struct BTNode{
char data;
struct BTNode *lchild, *rchild;
}BTNode, *BiTree;
int maxPathLength = 0;
BTNode* maxPathNode = NULL;
int getLongestPath(BTNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return 0;
}
int leftPath = getLongestPath(root->lchild);
int rightPath = getLongestPath(root->rchild);
int curPathLength = leftPath + rightPath + 1;
if (curPathLength > maxPathLength) {
maxPathLength = curPathLength;
maxPathNode = root;
}
return max(leftPath, rightPath) + 1;
}
void printPath(BTNode* root) {
if (root == NULL) {
return;
}
printPath(root->lchild);
cout << root->data << " ";
printPath(root->rchild);
}
void getAndPrintLongestPath(BTNode* root) {
getLongestPath(root);
cout << "The longest path length is " << maxPathLength << endl;
cout << "The nodes on the longest path are: ";
printPath(maxPathNode);
}
int main() {
BiTree root = new BTNode{'A', NULL, NULL};
root->lchild = new BTNode{'B', NULL, NULL};
root->rchild = new BTNode{'C', NULL, NULL};
root->lchild->lchild = new BTNode{'D', NULL, NULL};
root->rchild->lchild = new BTNode{'E', NULL, NULL};
root->rchild->rchild = new BTNode{'F', NULL, NULL};
root->rchild->lchild->rchild = new BTNode{'G', NULL, NULL};
getAndPrintLongestPath(root);
return 0;
}
```
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