pyqt openglwidget中实现立方体的旋转

可以使用QOpenGLWidget和QOpenGLFunctions类来实现立方体的旋转。首先，需要在QOpenGLWidget的initializeGL()函数中初始化OpenGL环境，然后在paintGL()函数中绘制立方体，并在每次绘制时更新立方体的旋转角度。以下是一个简单的示例代码：

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QOpenGLWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QOpenGLShader, QOpenGLShaderProgram, QOpenGLBuffer, QOpenGLVertexArrayObject
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer
import numpy as np

class CubeWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.vertices = np.array([
            [-1, -1, -1],
            [1, -1, -1],
            [1, 1, -1],
            [-1, 1, -1],
            [-1, -1, 1],
            [1, -1, 1],
            [1, 1, 1],
            [-1, 1, 1]
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        self.indices = np.array([
            [0, 1, 2],
            [0, 2, 3],
            [1, 5, 6],
            [1, 6, 2],
            [5, 4, 7],
            [5, 7, 6],
            [4, 0, 3],
            [4, 3, 7],
            [3, 2, 6],
            [3, 6, 7],
            [4, 5, 1],
            [4, 1, 0]
        ], dtype=np.uint32)
        self.angle = 0
        self.timer = QTimer(self)
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.update)
        self.timer.start(16)

    def initializeGL(self):
        self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
        self.gl.glClearColor(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0)
        self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        self.program = QOpenGLShaderProgram(self)
        self.program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader.Vertex, '''
            attribute vec3 position;
            uniform mat4 modelViewProjection;
            void main() {
                gl_Position = modelViewProjection * vec4(position, 1.0);
            }
        ''')
        self.program.addShaderFromSourceCode(QOpenGLShader.Fragment, '''
            void main() {
                gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
            }
        ''')
        self.program.link()
        self.vao = QOpenGLVertexArrayObject(self)
        self.vao.create()
        self.vao.bind()
        self.vbo = QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer.VertexBuffer)
        self.vbo.create()
        self.vbo.bind()
        self.vbo.allocate(self.vertices.tobytes())
        self.program.enableAttributeArray(0)
        self.program.setAttributeBuffer(0, self.gl.GL_FLOAT, 0, 3)
        self.ebo = QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer.IndexBuffer)
        self.ebo.create()
        self.ebo.bind()
        self.ebo.allocate(self.indices.tobytes())

    def paintGL(self):
        self.gl.glClear(self.gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | self.gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        self.program.bind()
        self.gl.glViewport(0, 0, self.width(), self.height())
        projection = np.array([
            [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -5.0],
            [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        model = np.array([
            [np.cos(self.angle), 0.0, np.sin(self.angle), 0.0],
            [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
            [-np.sin(self.angle), 0.0, np.cos(self.angle), 0.0],
            [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        view = np.array([
            [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
            [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
        ], dtype=np.float32)
        mvp = projection @ view @ model
        self.program.setUniformValue('modelViewProjection', mvp)
        self.gl.glDrawElements(self.gl.GL_TRIANGLES, len(self.indices) * 3, self.gl.GL_UNSIGNED_INT, None)
        self.program.release()
        self.angle += 0.01

    def resizeGL(self, width, height):
        self.gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication([])
    widget = CubeWidget()
    widget.show()
    app.exec_()

这个示例代码使用了numpy库来定义立方体的顶点和索引，使用QOpenGLShaderProgram类来编译和链接着色器程序，使用QOpenGLVertexArrayObject和QOpenGLBuffer类来管理顶点和索引数据，使用QTimer类来定时更新立方体的旋转角度。在paintGL()函数中，使用glDrawElements()函数来绘制立方体。