运行并修改以下代码#include<iostream> using namespace std; class Complex { private: double real; double imag; public: Complex(){real = 0;imag = 0;} Complex(double r,double im){real = r; imag = im;} friend Complex operator +(Complex &a, Complex &b); friend Complex operator -(Complex &a, Complex &b); friend Complex operator *(Complex &a, Complex &b); friend Complex operator /(Complex &a, Complex &b); friend ostream & operator <<(ostream &os, Complex &a); friend istream & operator >>(istream &in, Complex &a); Complex operator ++(int); Complex operator --(int); Complex& operator ++(); Complex& operator --(); void display() const; }; Complex operator +(Complex &a,Complex &b) { return Complex(a.real+b.real,a.imag+b.imag); } Complex operator -(Complex &a,Complex &b) { return Complex(a.real-b.real,a.imag-b.imag); } Complex operator *(Complex &a,Complex &b) { return Complex(a.real*b.real-a.imag*b.imag,a.real*b.imag+a.imag*b.real); } Complex operator /(Complex &a,Complex &b) { return Complex((a.real*b.real+a.imag*b.imag)/(b.real*b.real+b.imag*b.imag) , (a.imag*b.real-a.real*b.imag)/(b.real*b.real+b.imag*b.imag)); } ostream & operator <<(ostream &os, Complex &a) { os << "(" << a.real << "," << a.imag << "i)" <<endl; return os; } istream & operator >>(istream &in, Complex &a) { in >> a.real >> a.imag; return in; } Complex Complex::operator ++(int) { Complex temp(*this); temp.real++; temp.imag++; return temp; } Complex Complex::operator --(int) { Complex temp(*this); temp.real--; temp.imag--; return temp; } Complex& Complex::operator ++() { this ->real++; this ->imag++; return *this; } Complex& Complex::operator --() { this ->real--; this ->imag--; return *this; } void Complex::display() const { cout << " ( " << real << " , " << imag << "i )" << endl; } int main(void) { Complex a(3,4), b(5,6); Complex c1, c2, c3, c4,c5; cout << "a " << a << "b " << b; c1 = a + b; cout << "a + b = "; c1.display(); c2 = a - b; cout << "a - b = "; c2.display(); c3 = a * b; cout << "a * b = "; c3.display(); c4 = a / b; cout << "a / b = "; c4.display(); cout << "++c1 = "; ++c1; cout << c1; cout << "--c1 = "; --c1; cout <<c1; cout << "c1++ = "; c2++; cout << c2; cout << "c1-- = "; c2--; cout << c2; cout << "请输入一个复数： "; cin >> c5; cout << c5; }

这段代码定义了一个名为 Complex 的复数类，可以进行加、减、乘、除、前缀/后缀自增自减和输入输出操作。在 main() 函数中，创建了两个 Complex 类型的对象 a 和 b，然后进行了加减乘除等运算，并输出运算结果。最后还进行了输入操作，并输出输入的结果。

你可以运行这段代码，测试它的功能，并且尝试对它进行一些修改，比如增加一些操作符的重载，或者修改输出格式等等。

相关问题

1.定义一个复数类Complex,重载前置自增“++”运算符及后置自增“++”运算符，使之能用于复数的自增运算。 注：复数的自增是让复数的实部和虚部同时增加1.主函数示例如下： #include <iostream> using namespace std; /*********在begin和end之间填入代码，实现complex类的定义，重载前置++运算符和重载后置++运算符及display()函数********/ /***********begin*************/ void Complex::display() { if(real==0) { if(imag>0) cout<<imag<<"i"; else if(imag==0) cout<<real; else cout<<imag<<"i"; } else { if(imag>0) cout<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"i"; else if(imag==0) cout<<real; else cout<<real<<imag<<"i"; } } /***********end************/ int main() { Complex c1,c2; cin>>c1.real>>c1.imag; c1.display(); cout<<endl; ++c1; c2=c1++; c2.display(); cout<<endl; c1.display(); } 2.已知矩阵为2行3列，重载流插入运算符“<<”和流提取运算符">>"，使之能完成矩阵的输入和输出。 主函数示例如下： #include <iostream> using namespace std; //请在begin和end间完成Matrix类的编写，重载>>及<<运算符，建议重载为友元函数 /*********begin**********/ /*********end*********/ int main() { Matrix m1; cin>>m1; cout<<"output matrix"<<endl; cout<<m1; }

下面是两个问题的代码实现：

1. 定义一个复数类Complex，重载前置自增“++”运算符及后置自增“++”运算符，使之能用于复数的自增运算。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
private:
    double real, imag;

public:
    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : real(r), imag(i) {}

    // 前置自增
    Complex& operator++() {
        real++;
        imag++;
        return *this;
    }

    // 后置自增
    Complex operator++(int) {
        Complex temp(*this);
        real++;
        imag++;
        return temp;
    }

    void display() {
        if (real == 0) {
            if (imag > 0)
                cout << imag << "i";
            else if (imag == 0)
                cout << real;
            else
                cout << imag << "i";
        }
        else {
            if (imag > 0)
                cout << real << "+" << imag << "i";
            else if (imag == 0)
                cout << real;
            else
                cout << real << imag << "i";
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    Complex c1, c2;
    cin >> c1.real >> c1.imag;
    c1.display();
    cout << endl;
    ++c1;
    c2 = c1++;
    c2.display();
    cout << endl;
    c1.display();

    return 0;
}

在上面的代码中，我们重载了前置自增和后置自增运算符，并定义了一个display()函数，用于输出复数对象的值。在主函数中，我们创建了两个复数对象，对它们进行了自增运算，并输出了结果。

2. 已知矩阵为2行3列，重载流插入运算符“<<”和流提取运算符“>>”，使之能完成矩阵的输入和输出。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Matrix {
private:
    int data[2][3];

public:
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Matrix& m) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                is >> m.data[i][j];
            }
        }
        return is;
    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Matrix& m) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                os << m.data[i][j] << " ";
            }
            os << endl;
        }
        return os;
    }
};

int main() {
    Matrix m1;
    cin >> m1;
    cout << "output matrix" << endl;
    cout << m1;

    return 0;
}

在上面的代码中，我们定义了一个Matrix类，其中包含了一个2行3列的矩阵。我们重载了流插入运算符“>>”和流提取运算符“<<”，并实现了矩阵的输入和输出。在主函数中，我们创建了一个Matrix对象，对它进行了输入，并输出了结果。

把下面代码的运算符重载改为友元函数形式#include<iostream> using namespace std; class complex { private: double real; double imag; public: complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0); void print(); complex operator -=(complex c); complex operator *=(complex c); complex operator /=(complex c); complex operator ++(); complex operator ++(int); }; complex::complex(double r, double i) { real = r; imag = i; } complex complex::operator -=(complex c) { complex temp; temp.real = real - c.real; temp.imag = imag - c.imag; real = temp.real; imag = temp.imag; return temp; } complex complex::operator *=(complex c) { complex temp; temp.real = real * c.real - imag * c.imag; temp.imag = real * c.imag + imag * c.real; real = temp.real; imag = temp.imag; return temp; } complex complex::operator /=(complex c) { complex temp; double d; d = c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag; temp.real = (real * c.real + imag * c.imag) / d; temp.imag = (c.real * imag - real * c.imag) / d; real = temp.real; imag = temp.imag; return temp; } complex complex::operator ++() { complex temp; temp.real = ++real; temp.imag = ++imag; return temp; } complex complex::operator ++(int) { complex temp(real, imag); real++; imag++; return temp; } void complex::print() { cout << real; if (imag >= 0) cout << '+'; cout << imag << 'i' << endl; } int main() { complex A(30, 40), B(15, 30),C; C = A.operator++(1); cout << "C=A++后，C为："; C.print(); cout << "A为："; A.print(); C = A.operator++(); cout << "C=++A后，C为："; C.print(); cout << "A为："; A.print(); A *= B; cout << "A*=B后，A为:"; A.print(); A /= B; cout << "A/=B后，A为: "; A.print(); cout << "B为："; B.print(); return 0; }

重载运算符改为友元函数的形式如下：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class complex {
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
public:
    complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0);
    void print();
    friend complex operator -=(complex& c1, const complex& c2);
    friend complex operator *=(complex& c1, const complex& c2);
    friend complex operator /=(complex& c1, const complex& c2);
    friend complex operator ++(complex& c);
    friend complex operator ++(complex& c, int);
};

complex::complex(double r, double i) {
    real = r;
    imag = i;
}

complex operator -=(complex& c1, const complex& c2) {
    complex temp;
    temp.real = c1.real - c2.real;
    temp.imag = c1.imag - c2.imag;
    c1.real = temp.real;
    c1.imag = temp.imag;
    return temp;
}

complex operator *=(complex& c1, const complex& c2) {
    complex temp;
    temp.real = c1.real * c2.real - c1.imag * c2.imag;
    temp.imag = c1.real * c2.imag + c1.imag * c2.real;
    c1.real = temp.real;
    c1.imag = temp.imag;
    return temp;
}

complex operator /=(complex& c1, const complex& c2) {
    complex temp;
    double d;
    d = c2.real * c2.real + c2.imag * c2.imag;
    temp.real = (c1.real * c2.real + c1.imag * c2.imag) / d;
    temp.imag = (c2.real * c1.imag - c1.real * c2.imag) / d;
    c1.real = temp.real;
    c1.imag = temp.imag;
    return temp;
}

complex operator ++(complex& c) {
    complex temp;
    temp.real = ++c.real;
    temp.imag = ++c.imag;
    return temp;
}

complex operator ++(complex& c, int) {
    complex temp(c.real, c.imag);
    c.real++;
    c.imag++;
    return temp;
}

void complex::print() {
    cout << real;
    if (imag >= 0) cout << '+';
    cout << imag << 'i' << endl;
}

int main() {
    complex A(30, 40), B(15, 30), C;
    C = operator++(A, 1);
    cout << "C=A++后，C为：";
    C.print();
    cout << "A为：";
    A.print();
    C = operator++(A);
    cout << "C=++A后，C为：";
    C.print();
    cout << "A为：";
    A.print();
    A *= B;
    cout << "A*=B后，A为:";
    A.print();
    A /= B;
    cout << "A/=B后，A为: ";
    A.print();
    cout << "B为：";
    B.print();
    return 0;
}

需要注意的是，友元函数的参数中第一个参数需要加上引用符号 &，因为需要修改该对象的值。而第二个参数一般为 const 引用形式，以保证不会对该参数进行修改。另外，在调用友元函数时需要在函数名前加上 operator。