sklearn中的波士顿房价数据集如何找
时间: 2024-02-24 14:58:17 浏览: 25
你可以使用以下代码来加载sklearn中的波士顿房价数据集:
```python
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
boston = load_boston()
```
这将会返回一个字典对象,其中包含了数据集的各种信息,例如特征矩阵、目标向量、特征名称和描述等。你可以通过以下代码来查看数据集的描述信息:
```python
print(boston.DESCR)
```
此外,你也可以使用以下代码来查看数据集的特征矩阵和目标向量:
```python
print(boston.data)
print(boston.target)
```
注意:sklearn中的波士顿房价数据集是一个经典的回归数据集,其目标是预测波士顿地区房屋的中位数价格(单位:千美元)。数据集中包含了506个样本和13个特征,其中包括城镇犯罪率、一氧化氮浓度、住宅平均房间数等。
相关问题
sklearn导入波士顿房价数据集
sklearn中自带了波士顿房价数据集,可以通过以下代码导入:
```
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
boston = load_boston()
X = boston.data # 特征矩阵
y = boston.target # 目标向量
```
其中,X是一个13维的特征矩阵,y是一个样本数量为506的目标向量。可以通过以下代码查看数据集的描述:
```
print(boston.DESCR)
```
输出结果如下:
```
.. _boston_dataset:
Boston house prices dataset
---------------------------
**Data Set Characteristics:**
:Number of Instances: 506
:Number of Attributes: 13 numeric/categorical predictive. Median Value (attribute 14) is usually the target.
:Attribute Information (in order):
- CRIM per capita crime rate by town
- ZN proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft.
- INDUS proportion of non-retail business acres per town
- CHAS Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise)
- NOX nitric oxides concentration (parts per 10 million)
- RM average number of rooms per dwelling
- AGE proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940
- DIS weighted distances to five Boston employment centres
- RAD index of accessibility to radial highways
- TAX full-value property-tax rate per $10,000
- PTRATIO pupil-teacher ratio by town
- B 1000(Bk - 0.63)^2 where Bk is the proportion of blacks by town
- LSTAT % lower status of the population
- MEDV Median value of owner-occupied homes in $1000's
:Missing Attribute Values: None
:Creator: Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L.
This is a copy of UCI ML housing dataset.
https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/housing/
This dataset was taken from the StatLib library which is maintained at Carnegie Mellon University.
The Boston house-price data of Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. 'Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air', J. Environ. Economics & Management, vol.5, 81-102, 1978. Used in Belsley, Kuh & Welsch, 'Regression diagnostics ...', Wiley, 1980. N.B. Various transformations are used in the table on pages 244-261 of the latter.
The Boston house-price data has been used in many machine learning papers that address regression problems.
**References**
- Belsley, Kuh & Welsch, 'Regression diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity', Wiley, 1980. 244-261.
- Quinlan,R. (1993). Combining Instance-Based and Model-Based Learning. In Proceedings on the Tenth International Conference of Machine Learning, 236-243, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Morgan Kaufmann.
如何使用sklearn中波士顿房价预测数据集
1. 导入数据集
首先,需要从sklearn.datasets中导入波士顿房价预测数据集。
``` python
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
boston = load_boston()
```
2. 数据探索
接下来,可以使用以下代码对数据集进行探索:
``` python
# 查看数据集的描述性统计
print(boston.DESCR)
# 查看特征变量
print(boston.feature_names)
# 查看数据集的数据
print(boston.data)
# 查看目标变量
print(boston.target)
```
3. 数据预处理
在对数据进行建模之前,需要对数据进行预处理。可以使用以下代码进行标准化处理:
``` python
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
scaler = StandardScaler()
X = scaler.fit_transform(boston.data)
y = boston.target
```
4. 构建模型
接下来,可以使用以下代码构建一个线性回归模型:
``` python
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X, y)
```
5. 模型测试
最后,可以使用以下代码对模型进行测试:
``` python
# 预测房价
y_pred = model.predict(X)
# 计算模型的R平方值
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
print(r2_score(y, y_pred))
```
其中,R平方值用于衡量模型的拟合程度,值越接近1表示模型的拟合程度越好。