pytest configuration

pytest的配置主要是为了定制测试运行的行为、环境和其他选项。以下是一些常见的pytest配置项：

1. **设置工作目录**：
在pytest.ini或setup.cfg文件中，可以设置`pyproject_path = path/to/project`来指定项目的根目录，这有助于pytest找到测试模块。

2. **插件配置**：
可以通过plugins或[pytest]部分添加插件配置，比如`addopts = --doctest-modules`启用文档字符串测试。

3. **标记（Markers）**：
使用`@pytest.mark.parametrize`等标记功能，可以控制测试的运行条件，如数据驱动测试或跳过某些特定条件下的测试。

4. **缓存和重复运行**：
`pytest-xdist`插件允许并行测试，而`--cache-clear`命令则可以在每次运行前清除缓存以避免旧结果影响。

5. **报告生成**：
pytest-cov用于生成测试覆盖率报告，`--cov-report=xml`或`--cov=package_name`命令行选项可以指定报告格式和覆盖目标。

6. **自定义行为**：
可以编写pytest钩子（hook functions）来自定义测试运行流程，如`before_test`或`after_collection`.

7. **命令行参数**：
使用`-k`选项搜索包含关键词的测试，`-x`用于中断第一个失败的测试。

相关问题

pytest bdd目录结构

When organizing pytest-bdd tests, you can follow a directory structure that makes it easy to manage and execute your BDD scenarios. Here's a common pytest-bdd directory structure:

project/
├── features/
│   ├── support/
│   │   ├── environment.py
│   │   └── steps/
│   │       └── step_definitions.py
│   ├── feature1.feature
│   └── feature2.feature
└── tests/
    ├── conftest.py
    └── test_*.py

Let's break down each component of this directory structure:

- `features/`: This directory contains all the feature files (`*.feature`) that describe your BDD scenarios. Each feature file contains one or more scenarios with their corresponding steps.

- `features/support/`: This directory is used to store support code and configuration for your BDD tests.

- `features/support/environment.py`: This Python file is used to define the pytest-bdd environment. You can configure hooks, fixtures, and other settings here.

- `features/support/steps/`: This directory contains step definition files (`*_definitions.py`). Each step definition file defines the code implementation for the steps mentioned in the feature files.

- `tests/`: This directory is used to store any additional tests or test-related code that is not specific to BDD. For example, you might have unit tests or integration tests here.

- `tests/conftest.py`: This Python file is a pytest configuration file where you can define fixtures, plugins, and other test-related configurations.

- `tests/test_*.py`: These Python files contain additional tests that are not written using BDD. You can organize your tests into multiple files based on different test scenarios or test areas.

By following this directory structure, you can keep your BDD scenarios, step definitions, and other test-related code organized and easy to maintain. You can run your pytest-bdd tests by executing `pytest` in the root directory of your project, and pytest will discover and execute the tests based on this structure.

pycharm中pytest

在PyCharm中使用pytest可以通过以下步骤进行配置和执行：

1. 首先，确保已经在PyCharm中安装pytest插件。可以通过打开PyCharm的Settings/Preferences，然后选择Plugins，在搜索框中输入"pytest"来安装该插件。

2. 创建一个pytest测试文件或测试目录。可以在PyCharm中的项目结构面板上右键点击所需的目录或文件夹，然后选择"New" -> "Python file"来创建一个pytest测试文件，或者选择"New" -> "Directory"来创建一个测试目录。

3. 编写pytest测试代码。在测试文件中，你可以编写pytest测试函数，这些函数以"test_"开头，并使用assert语句来断言测试的结果。例如：

def test_addition():
    assert 2 + 2 == 4

def test_subtraction():
    assert 5 - 3 == 2

4. 运行pytest测试。有多种方法可以运行pytest测试：

- 可以在PyCharm的编辑器中直接右键点击测试函数或测试文件，然后选择"Run 'pytest in xxx'"来运行选中的测试。
- 可以在PyCharm的顶部菜单栏中选择"Run" -> "Run..."，然后在弹出的对话框中选择"pytest"作为"Configuration"，并点击"OK"来运行所有的pytest测试。
- 可以在PyCharm的顶部菜单栏中选择"Run" -> "Edit Configurations..."，然后点击"+"按钮来创建一个新的pytest配置。在"Target"字段中选择你想要运行的测试函数、测试文件或测试目录，然后点击"OK"来运行所选的测试。

请注意，以上步骤中提到的pytest.main()函数可以在命令行中直接执行pytest命令来运行测试，这与在PyCharm中使用pytest插件来运行测试是等效的。引用、和中给出的代码示例展示了如何在pytest.main()函数中指定要执行的测试文件、测试目录和其他参数。