蓝牙5.0技术详解：速度提升与位置定位增强

蓝牙5.0协议

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蓝牙Core_v5.0是蓝牙技术联盟在2016年12月6日发布的第五代蓝牙规范（Bluetooth 5.0）。这一版本的核心特征在于显著提升了低功耗设备的通信速度，并优化了功能。与之前版本相比，蓝牙5.0着重于以下几个关键点： 1. **速度提升**：蓝牙5.0通过改进编码效率和数据包结构，实现了更高的数据传输速率，特别是在广告和扫描模式下，最高可达到2Mbps，远超蓝牙4.2的1 Mbps，这对于实时音频和视频传输，以及物联网(IoT)设备间的快速通信至关重要。 2. **室内定位**：蓝牙5.0引入了基于Wi-Fi的室内定位功能，利用蓝牙信号的精确定位能力，能够在建筑物内部提供更精确的位置服务，对于资产跟踪、智能家居和增强现实(AR)应用非常有价值。 3. **有效工作距离**：蓝牙5.0显著增加了有效通信范围，最大可达200米，这得益于功率增益和改进的信号处理技术，使得设备之间的连接更加广泛和方便。 4. **核心组件**：资源中提到的"Bluetooth SIG Proprietary"和"Bluetooth Core Specification v5.0"表明这是蓝牙技术的官方核心文档，包含了蓝牙系统的详细设计规范、功能要求、修订历史以及贡献者名单等。 5. **合规性要求**：这份规格书还强调了使用蓝牙5.0的合规性要求，用户在使用时必须遵循相关条款，包括但不限于版权声明、免责声明和许可协议，确保合法合规地实施蓝牙技术。 6. **获取资源**：用户可以通过蓝牙技术联盟的官方网站获取最新版本的蓝牙规范：<https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/adopted-specifications>，以确保使用的是最新的技术指导。蓝牙Core_v5.0是蓝牙技术发展的一个里程碑，它不仅提高了数据传输性能，还扩展了应用场景，对于现代无线设备的交互和连接有着深远影响。开发者和设备制造商在设计蓝牙5.0兼容产品时，需熟悉并遵循其中的规定，以确保产品的质量和用户体验。

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06 December 2016

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 5.0 | Vol 0, Part A page 16

2.5.3 Inquiry Procedure Timing............................................ 371

2.5.4 Inquiry Response Timing ............................................ 371

2.6 Hop Selection .......................................................................... 372

2.6.1 General Selection Scheme ......................................... 373

2.6.2 Selection Kernel.......................................................... 376

2.6.3 Adapted Hop Selection Kernel.................................... 379

2.6.4 Control Word............................................................... 380

2.7 Synchronization Scan Physical Channel ................................. 384

2.7.1 Hopping Characteristics.............................................. 384

2.7.2 Synchronization Train Procedure Timing .................... 385

2.7.3 Synchronization Scan Procedure Timing.................... 386

3 Physical Links..................................................................................387

3.1 Link Supervision for Active Physical Links............................... 387

3.2 Link Supervision for Connectionless Slave Broadcast Physical

Links ........................................................................................ 388

3.3 Authenticated Payload Timeout for Active Links...................... 388

4 Logical Transports...........................................................................389

4.1 General.................................................................................... 389

4.2 Logical Transport Address (LT_ADDR).................................... 389

4.3 Synchronous Logical Transports ............................................. 390

4.4 Asynchronous Logical Transport ............................................. 390

4.5 Transmit/Receive Routines...................................................... 391

4.5.1 TX Routine.................................................................. 391

4.5.2 RX Routine.................................................................. 394

4.5.3 Flow Control................................................................ 395

4.6 Active Slave Broadcast Transport ........................................... 396

4.7 This section no longer used..................................................... 396

4.8 Connectionless Slave Broadcast Logical Transport ................ 396

5 Logical Links....................................................................................398

5.1 Link Control Logical Link (LC) ................................................. 398

5.2 ACL Control Logical Links (ACL-C and ASB-C) ...................... 398

5.3 User Asynchronous/Isochronous Logical Links (ACL-U and

ASB-U) .................................................................................... 399

5.3.1 Pausing the ACL-U Logical Link ................................. 399

5.4 User Synchronous Data Logical Link (SCO-S)........................ 399

5.5 User Extended Synchronous Data Logical Link (eSCO-S)...... 399

5.6 Logical Link Priorities............................................................... 399

5.7 Profile Broadcast Data Logical Link......................................... 400

06 December 2016

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 5.0 | Vol 0, Part A page 17

6 Packets .............................................................................................401

6.1 General Format ....................................................................... 401

6.1.1 Basic Rate................................................................... 401

6.1.2 Enhanced Data Rate................................................... 401

6.2 Bit Ordering ............................................................................. 402

6.3 Access Code ........................................................................... 402

6.3.1 Access Code Types .................................................... 403

6.3.2 Preamble..................................................................... 403

6.3.3 Sync Word .................................................................. 403

6.3.4 Trailer.......................................................................... 407

6.4 Packet Header......................................................................... 407

6.4.1 LT_ADDR.................................................................... 408

6.4.2 TYPE........................................................................... 408

6.4.3 FLOW.......................................................................... 408

6.4.4 ARQN.......................................................................... 409

6.4.5 SEQN.......................................................................... 409

6.4.6 HEC ............................................................................ 409

6.5 Packet Types ........................................................................... 410

6.5.1 Common Packet Types............................................... 412

6.5.2 SCO Packets .............................................................. 415

6.5.3 eSCO Packets ............................................................416

6.5.4 ACL Packets ............................................................... 417

6.6 Payload Format ....................................................................... 420

6.6.1 Synchronous Data Field.............................................. 420

6.6.2 Asynchronous Data Field............................................ 421

6.7 Packet Summary ..................................................................... 425

7 Bit stream Processing.....................................................................428

7.1 Error Checking......................................................................... 429

7.1.1 HEC Generation.......................................................... 429

7.1.2 CRC Generation ......................................................... 430

7.2 Data Whitening ........................................................................ 431

7.3 Error Correction ....................................................................... 432

7.4 FEC Code: Rate 1/3 ................................................................ 433

7.5 FEC Code: Rate 2/3 ................................................................ 433

7.6 ARQ Scheme........................................................................... 434

7.6.1 Unnumbered ARQ....................................................... 434

7.6.2 Retransmit Filtering..................................................... 438

7.6.3 Flushing Payloads....................................................... 440

7.6.4 Multi-slave Considerations.......................................... 441

06 December 2016

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 5.0 | Vol 0, Part A page 18

7.6.5 Active Slave Broadcast Packets ................................. 441

7.7 Erroneous Synchronous Data Reporting................................. 442

7.8 Message Integrity Check ......................................................... 443

8 Link Controller Operation ...............................................................444

8.1 Overview of States .................................................................. 444

8.2 Standby State ..........................................................................445

8.3 Connection Establishment Substates...................................... 445

8.3.1 Page Scan Substate ................................................... 445

8.3.2 Page Substate ............................................................ 447

8.3.3 Page Response Substates ......................................... 449

8.4 Device Discovery Substates.................................................... 454

8.4.1 Inquiry Scan Substate................................................. 455

8.4.2 Inquiry Substate.......................................................... 456

8.4.3 Inquiry Response Substate......................................... 457

8.5 Connection State ..................................................................... 459

8.6 Active Mode............................................................................. 460

8.6.1 Polling in the Active Mode........................................... 461

8.6.2 SCO ............................................................................462

8.6.3 eSCO .......................................................................... 463

8.6.4 Broadcast Scheme...................................................... 466

8.6.5 Role Switch................................................................. 466

8.6.6 Scatternet.................................................................... 468

8.6.7 Hop Sequence Switching............................................ 469

8.6.8 Channel Classification and Channel Map Selection ... 473

8.6.9 Power Management.................................................... 474

8.6.10 Piconet Clock Adjustment ........................................... 475

8.6.11 Slot Availability Mask (SAM) ....................................... 478

8.7 Sniff Mode................................................................................ 484

8.7.1 Sniff Transition Mode .................................................. 486

8.7.2 Sniff Subrating ............................................................ 486

8.8 Hold Mode ............................................................................... 488

8.9 This section no longer used.....................................................488

8.10 Connectionless Slave Broadcast Mode................................... 488

8.10.1 Connectionless Slave Broadcast Transmit Operation. 488

8.10.2 Connectionless Slave Broadcast Receive Operation . 489

8.10.3 AFH in Connectionless Slave Broadcast .................... 490

8.11 Synchronization Establishment Substates .............................. 490

8.11.1 Synchronization Scan Substate.................................. 490

8.11.2 Synchronization Train Substate .................................. 491

06 December 2016

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 5.0 | Vol 0, Part A page 19

9 Audio.................................................................................................494

9.1 LOG PCM CODEC .................................................................. 494

9.2 CVSD CODEC......................................................................... 494

9.3 Error Handling ......................................................................... 497

9.4 General Audio Requirements .................................................. 497

9.4.1 Signal Levels............................................................... 497

9.4.2 CVSD Audio Quality.................................................... 497

Appendix A General Audio Recommendations ....................................498

A.1 Maximum Sound Pressure .................................................... 498

A.2 Other Telephony Network Requirements .............................. 498

A.3 Audio Levels for Bluetooth .................................................... 498

A.4 Microphone Path ................................................................... 499

A.5 Loudspeaker Path ................................................................. 499

A.6 Bluetooth Voice Interface ...................................................... 499

A.7 Frequency Mask ................................................................... 500

Appendix B Timers ..................................................................................502

B.1 List of Timers ......................................................................... 502

B.1.1 inquiryTO ................................................................... 502

B.1.2 pageTO ...................................................................... 502

B.1.3 extended_pageTO ..................................................... 502

B.1.4 pagerespTO ............................................................... 502

B.1.5 newconnectionTO ...................................................... 502

B.1.6 supervisionTO ............................................................ 503

B.1.7 CSB_supervisionTO .................................................. 503

B.1.8 synchronization_trainTO ............................................ 503

B.1.9 synchronization_scanTO ........................................... 503

B.1.10 authenticatedPayloadTO ........................................... 504

B.1.11 CLK_adj_dragTO .......................................................504

Appendix C Recommendations for AFH Operation in Hold, Sniff and

CSB ......................................................................................505

C.1 Operation at the Master ........................................................ 505

C.2 [This section no longer used] ................................................ 506

C.3 AFH Operation in Sniff .......................................................... 506

C.4 AFH Operation in Hold .......................................................... 506

C.5 AFH Operation in Connectionless Slave Broadcast ............. 506

06 December 2016

Bluetooth SIG Proprietary

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 5.0 | Vol 0, Part A page 20

Part C

LINK MANAGER PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION

1 Introduction......................................................................................513

2 General Rules...................................................................................514

2.1 Message Transport.................................................................. 514

2.2 Synchronization ....................................................................... 514

2.3 Packet Format ......................................................................... 515

2.4 Transactions ............................................................................ 516

2.4.1 LMP Response Timeout.............................................. 517

2.5 Error Handling ......................................................................... 517

2.5.1 Transaction Collision Resolution................................. 518

2.6 Procedure Rules...................................................................... 518

2.7 General Response Messages ................................................. 519

2.8 LMP Message Constraints....................................................... 519

3 Device Features ...............................................................................520

3.1 General Description................................................................. 520

3.2 Feature Definitions .................................................................. 521

3.3 Feature Mask Definition........................................................... 527

3.4 Link Manager Interoperability policy ........................................ 530

4 Procedure Rules ..............................................................................531

4.1 Connection Control.................................................................. 531

4.1.1 Connection Establishment .......................................... 531

4.1.2 Detach......................................................................... 532

4.1.3 Power Control ............................................................. 533

4.1.4 Adaptive Frequency Hopping...................................... 536

4.1.5 Channel Classification ................................................ 539

4.1.6 Link Supervision.......................................................... 541

4.1.7 Channel Quality Driven Data Rate Change (CQDDR) 541

4.1.8 Quality of Service (QoS) ............................................. 542

4.1.9 Paging Scheme Parameters....................................... 544

4.1.10 Control of Multi-Slot Packets....................................... 545

4.1.11 Enhanced Data Rate................................................... 546

4.1.12 Encapsulated LMP PDUs ........................................... 548

4.1.13 Ping............................................................................. 549

4.1.14 Piconet Clock Adjustment ........................................... 550

4.1.15 Slot Availability Mask .................................................. 554

4.2 Security.................................................................................... 558

4.2.1 Authentication ............................................................. 558

4.2.2 Pairing......................................................................... 561

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import math def distance(core_x,core_y,target_x,target_y): a = float(core_y - target_y) b = float(core_x - target_x) dis = math.sqrt(a 2+b 2) return dis dis = distance(960, 540, 200, 300) print(dis) 这个代码什么意思