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Linux命令全攻略:快速掌握常用指令
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更新于2024-07-27
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"Linux命令参考手册"
这是一本关于Linux命令的详尽参考手册,适合想要学习或已经使用Linux操作系统的人们。手册由J.Purcell编译,由Red Hat Software, Inc.出版,旨在帮助用户更快地掌握和理解Linux系统的常用命令。Red Hat是一家知名的Linux发行版提供商,其产品广泛应用于企业级服务器和开发环境中。
Linux是一种自由开源的操作系统,它的命令行界面是其强大功能的核心。手册中涵盖了从基本的文件操作、系统管理到网络配置、进程控制等各种命令,这些命令是Linux用户日常工作的基础工具。通过学习这些命令,用户能够有效地在终端中执行各种任务,而无需依赖图形化用户界面。
以下是一些可能包含在手册中的关键知识点:
1. **文件和目录操作**:包括`cd`(改变目录)、`ls`(列出目录内容)、`touch`(创建新文件)、`mv`(移动或重命名文件和目录)、`cp`(复制文件和目录)、`rm`(删除文件和目录)等。
2. **文本处理**:如`cat`(查看文件内容)、`more`和`less`(分页显示文件内容)、`grep`(搜索文本模式)、`sed`(流编辑器)和`awk`(数据处理语言)。
3. **文件权限和所有权**:`chmod`(改变文件或目录的权限)、`chown`(改变所有者)和`chgrp`(改变组所有者)。
4. **进程管理**:`ps`(查看当前进程状态)、`kill`(发送信号给进程)、`nohup`(让命令在后台运行不受挂断影响)。
5. **网络命令**:`ping`(测试网络连通性)、`netstat`(查看网络连接状态)、`ifconfig`(配置网络接口)、`nslookup`和`dig`(查询DNS记录)。
6. **系统信息和管理**:`uname`(显示系统信息)、`top`(实时查看系统资源使用情况)、`df`(查看磁盘空间)、`free`(查看内存使用情况)。
7. **包管理和软件安装**:`apt`(Advanced Package Tool,适用于Debian及衍生系统)、`yum`(Yellowdog Updater, Modified,适用于RHEL及CentOS)和`dnf`(Dandified Yum,适用于Fedora)。
8. **脚本编程**:介绍如何编写Bash脚本,包括变量、条件语句、循环、函数等。
9. **错误和日志管理**:`tail`(查看文件尾部)、`journalctl`(查看系统日志)。
10. **用户和组管理**:`adduser`和`userdel`(添加和删除用户)、`groupadd`和`groupdel`(添加和删除组)。
手册还会提供每个命令的语法、选项、参数以及实例,帮助读者更好地理解和应用。对于初学者,这是一个宝贵的资源,因为它不仅可以提供命令的用法,还可以引导用户了解Linux操作系统的整体结构和工作原理。而对于经验丰富的Linux用户,这个手册可以作为一个快速查阅的工具,以解决日常遇到的问题或查找特定命令的详细信息。
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4851395/bg10.jpg)
Linux Complete Command Reference
xvi
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
getrlimit, getrusage, setrlimit.............................................................................767
getsid ................................................................................................................768
getsockname......................................................................................................769
getsockopt, setsockopt.......................................................................................769
gettimeofday, settimeofday................................................................................772
getuid, geteuid ..................................................................................................773
idle....................................................................................................................774
ioctl...................................................................................................................774
ioperm ..............................................................................................................788
iopl ...................................................................................................................788
ipc.....................................................................................................................789
kill ....................................................................................................................790
killpg.................................................................................................................790
link ...................................................................................................................791
listen .................................................................................................................792
llseek.................................................................................................................793
lseek..................................................................................................................793
mkdir................................................................................................................794
mknod ..............................................................................................................795
mlock................................................................................................................796
mlockall ............................................................................................................797
mmap, munmap ...............................................................................................799
modify_ldt ........................................................................................................800
get_kernel_syms, create_module, init_module, delete_module .........................800
mount, umount ................................................................................................802
mprotect ...........................................................................................................804
mremap ............................................................................................................805
msgctl ...............................................................................................................806
msgget...............................................................................................................807
msgop ...............................................................................................................808
msync ...............................................................................................................811
munlock............................................................................................................811
munlockall........................................................................................................812
nanosleep ..........................................................................................................813
nice ...................................................................................................................814
oldfstat, oldlstat, oldstat, oldolduname, olduname ............................................814
open, creat ........................................................................................................815
outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl.................................................................816
pause.................................................................................................................817
personality ........................................................................................................817
phys ..................................................................................................................818
pipe...................................................................................................................818
profil.................................................................................................................819
ptrace................................................................................................................820
quotactl.............................................................................................................821
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4851395/bg11.jpg)
xvii
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
read...................................................................................................................822
readdir ..............................................................................................................823
readlink.............................................................................................................823
readv, writev......................................................................................................824
reboot ...............................................................................................................825
recv, recvfrom, recvmsg.....................................................................................826
rename ..............................................................................................................828
rmdir ................................................................................................................829
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min .............................................830
sched_rr_get_interval........................................................................................831
sched_setparam, sched_getparam ......................................................................832
sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler ............................................................833
sched_yield .......................................................................................................835
select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET, FD_ZERO.........................................835
semctl................................................................................................................837
semget...............................................................................................................839
semop ...............................................................................................................840
send, sendto, sendmsg.......................................................................................842
setfsgid..............................................................................................................843
setfsuid..............................................................................................................844
setgid ................................................................................................................845
setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp......................................................................845
setregid, setegid .................................................................................................846
setreuid, seteuid ................................................................................................847
setsid.................................................................................................................848
setuid ................................................................................................................848
setup .................................................................................................................849
shmctl ...............................................................................................................849
shmget ..............................................................................................................851
shmop...............................................................................................................853
shutdown ..........................................................................................................855
sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending, sigsuspend..................................................855
signal.................................................................................................................857
sigblock, siggetmask, sigsetmask, sigmask..........................................................858
sigpause.............................................................................................................858
sigreturn............................................................................................................859
sigvec ................................................................................................................860
socket................................................................................................................860
socketcall...........................................................................................................862
socketpair..........................................................................................................862
stat, fstat, lstat ...................................................................................................863
statfs, fstatfs.......................................................................................................865
stime .................................................................................................................866
swapon, swapoff................................................................................................866
symlink .............................................................................................................867
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4851395/bg12.jpg)
Linux Complete Command Reference
xviii
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
sync...................................................................................................................869
sysctl .................................................................................................................869
sysfs...................................................................................................................871
sysinfo...............................................................................................................871
syslog ................................................................................................................872
termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush, tcflow, cfgetospeed,
cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed, tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp ...............................874
time ..................................................................................................................878
times .................................................................................................................878
truncate, ftruncate.............................................................................................879
umask ...............................................................................................................880
uname...............................................................................................................880
none..................................................................................................................881
afs_syscall, break, gtty, lock, mpx, prof, quotactl, stty, ustat ..............................881
unlink ...............................................................................................................882
uselib ................................................................................................................883
ustat..................................................................................................................883
utime, utimes ....................................................................................................884
vhangup ............................................................................................................885
vm86 ................................................................................................................885
wait, waitpid .....................................................................................................886
wait3, wait4 ......................................................................................................888
write..................................................................................................................889
Part III Library Functions
Intro .................................................................................................................892
abort .................................................................................................................892
abs ....................................................................................................................892
acos...................................................................................................................893
acosh.................................................................................................................893
alloca.................................................................................................................894
asin ...................................................................................................................894
asinh .................................................................................................................895
assert .................................................................................................................895
atan...................................................................................................................896
atan2.................................................................................................................896
atanh.................................................................................................................897
atexit.................................................................................................................897
atof ...................................................................................................................898
atoi....................................................................................................................898
atol....................................................................................................................899
bcmp.................................................................................................................899
bcopy ................................................................................................................900
bsearch..............................................................................................................900
bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob, memmem,
memmove, memset.........................................................................................901
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4851395/bg13.jpg)
xix
Introduction
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs .................................................................................901
bzero .................................................................................................................902
catgets ...............................................................................................................902
catopen, catclose ...............................................................................................903
ceil ....................................................................................................................904
clientlib.............................................................................................................904
clock .................................................................................................................905
closedir..............................................................................................................905
confstr...............................................................................................................906
copysign............................................................................................................907
cos ....................................................................................................................907
cosh ..................................................................................................................908
crypt .................................................................................................................908
ctermid .............................................................................................................909
asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime .......................................................909
difftime .............................................................................................................911
div.....................................................................................................................911
drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48,
seed48, lcong48 ..............................................................................................912
drem .................................................................................................................913
ecvt, fcvt ...........................................................................................................913
erf, erfc..............................................................................................................914
execl, execlp, execle, exect, execv, execvp ...........................................................914
errno .................................................................................................................916
exit....................................................................................................................917
exp, log, log10, pow ..........................................................................................917
expm1, log1p ....................................................................................................918
fabs ...................................................................................................................919
fclose.................................................................................................................919
clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno.................................................................................919
fflush, fpurge.....................................................................................................920
ffs......................................................................................................................921
fgetgrent............................................................................................................921
fgetpwent ..........................................................................................................922
floor ..................................................................................................................923
fmod .................................................................................................................923
fnmatch ............................................................................................................924
fopen, fdopen, freopen ......................................................................................924
fpathconf, pathconf...........................................................................................925
fread, fwrite.......................................................................................................926
frexp..................................................................................................................927
fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell, rewind....................................................................927
ftime .................................................................................................................928
ftok ...................................................................................................................929
ftw ....................................................................................................................930
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/4851395/bg14.jpg)
Linux Complete Command Reference
xx
gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
gcvt...................................................................................................................930
getcwd, get_current_dir_name, getwd...............................................................931
getdirentries ......................................................................................................931
getenv ...............................................................................................................932
getgrent, setgrent, endgrent...............................................................................932
getgrnam, getgrgid ............................................................................................933
getlogin, cuserid ................................................................................................934
getmntent, setmntent, addmntent, endmntent, hasmntopt ...............................935
getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent ...........................936
getopt................................................................................................................937
getpass...............................................................................................................940
getprotoent, getprotobyname, getprotobynumber, setprotoent, endprotoent ....941
getpw ................................................................................................................942
getpwent, setpwent, endpwent ..........................................................................943
getpwnam, getpwuid.........................................................................................944
fgetc, fgets, getc, getchar, gets, ungetc ...............................................................944
getservent, getservbyname, getservbyport, setservent, endservent.......................945
getusershell, setusershell, endusershell ...............................................................946
getutent, getutid, getutline, pututline, setutent, endutent, utmpname...............947
getw, putw ........................................................................................................948
glob, globfree ....................................................................................................949
hosts_access, hosts_ctl.......................................................................................950
hcreate, hdestroy, hsearch..................................................................................951
hypot ................................................................................................................953
index, rindex .....................................................................................................953
inet_aton, inet_addr, inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof,
inet_netof.......................................................................................................953
infnan ...............................................................................................................954
initgroups..........................................................................................................955
inndcomm ........................................................................................................956
insque, remque..................................................................................................957
isalnum, isalpha, isascii, isblank, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint,
ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit.....................................................................957
isatty .................................................................................................................958
isinf, isnan, finite ..............................................................................................959
j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn...........................................................................................959
killpg.................................................................................................................960
labs ...................................................................................................................960
ldexp.................................................................................................................961
ldiv....................................................................................................................961
lgamma .............................................................................................................962
libinn ................................................................................................................962
libpbm ..............................................................................................................966
libpgm ..............................................................................................................969
libpnm ..............................................................................................................970
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