C++编程：生命游戏及电话簿示例答案详解

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在"C++数据结构与程序设计"的课后习题中，涉及到两个主要部分：生命游戏（Conway's Game of Life）模拟和编程风格的设计。 1. **生命游戏（Conway's Game of Life）** - 在第1.2节的练习中，学生被要求手工计算图1.1所示的不同生命游戏配置在五代后的状态。这个游戏规则简单但富有挑战性，每个细胞根据周围邻居的数量决定生死：活细胞如果活邻居少于2或多于3，则死亡；活细胞如有3个活邻居则存活，死细胞如有3个活邻居则复活。题目提供了9种可能的初始状态（a到i），学生需分析每种情况，判断它们是稳定（死或活不再改变）、重复自身、还是在几代后会变化。 - 示例包括： - (a) 如果图形保持不变，说明所有的活细胞数量或邻近关系都不符合生命游戏的变化规则。 - (b) 图形重复自己，意味着存在某种周期性的模式。 2. **编程风格（Programming Style）** - 在第1.3节的练习中，主要涉及软件设计和类的定义。例如，一个存储电话号码的程序需要考虑如何设计类和方法。学生被问及应定义哪些类，如`Phone_book`和`Person`。`Phone_book`类可能有方法如`look_up_name()`用于查找特定名称的人，`add_person()`添加新联系人，以及`remove_person()`删除联系人。`Person`类可能包含`look_up_number()`查找某人的电话号码，以及可能的初始化方法来设置默认信息。这些习题旨在锻炼学生的逻辑思维、算法设计和面向对象编程技巧。通过实际操作，他们将理解数据结构（如数组或矩阵用于生命游戏中的细胞表示）如何应用到实际问题中，并学习如何组织代码以实现高效且可维护的结构。同时，对编程风格的关注也强调了代码的清晰度、可读性和模块化原则。通过解答这些问题，学生将加深对C++编程语言的理解，增强其数据结构和程序设计能力。

16 Chapter 1 • Programming Principles

{

Life configuration;

instructions();

configuration.initialize();

configuration.print(cout);

bool command;

do {

configuration.update();

configuration.print(cout);

cout << "Continue viewing without changes? " << endl;

if (!(command = user_says_yes())) {

cout << "Do you want to quit? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) command = false;

else {

cout << "Do you want help? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) instructions();

cout << "Do you want to make any changes? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) configuration.edit();

command = true;

}

} while (command);

cout << "Do you want to save the final position to file? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) {

char name[1000];

cout << "Give the save file name: " << flush;

cin >> name;

ofstream f(name);

configuration.print(f);

}

const int maxrow = 20, maxcol = 60; // grid dimensions

class Life {

public:

void initialize();

void print(ostream &f);

void update();

void edit();

private:

int grid[maxrow + 2][maxcol + 2]; // Allow two extra rows and columns.

int neighbor_count(int row, int col);

bool step_mode;

};

void Life::edit()

/* Post: User has edited configuration, and/or step mode */

{

cout << "Do you want to switch the step mode? " << flush;

if (user_says_yes()) step_mode = !step_mode;

cout << "Do you want to change the configuration? " << flush;

if (!user_says_yes()) return;

课后答案网 www.khdaw.com

Section 1.5 • Program Maintenance 19

for (row = 1; row <= maxrow; row++) {

if (!from_file) cout << row <<":"<<flush;

for (col = 1; col <= maxcol; col++) {

if (from_file) f.get(c);

else cin.get(c);

if (c == ’\n’ || c == ’$’) break;

if (c != ’ ’) grid[row][col] = 1;

else grid[row][col] = 0;

}

if (c == ’$’) break;

if (from_file) while (c != ’\n’) f.get(c);

else while (c != ’\n’) cin.get(c);

}

void instructions()

Pre: None.

Post: Instructions for using the Life program have been printed.

{

cout << "Welcome to Conway’s game of Life." << endl;

cout << "This game uses a grid of size "

<< maxrow << " by " << maxcol << " in which" << endl;

cout << "each cell can either be occupied by an organism or not." << endl;

cout << "The occupied cells change from generation to generation" << endl;

cout << "according to the number of neighboring cells which are alive."

<< endl;

}

P2. Addafeaturetothefunctioninitializesothatitcan,attheuser’soption,eitherreaditsinitialconﬁguration

from the keyboard or from a ﬁle. The ﬁrst line of the ﬁle will be a comment giving the name of the

conﬁguration. Each remaining line of the ﬁle will correspond to a row of the conﬁguration. Each line

will contain

x in each living position and a blank in each dead position.

Answer

See project P1.

P3.

Add a feature to the Life program so that, at termination, it can write the ﬁnal conﬁguration to a ﬁle in a

format that can be edited by the user and that can be read in to restart the program (using the feature of

Project P2).

Answer

See project P1. The program subdirectories contain a ﬁle of test data called FILE.

P4.

Add a feature to the Life program so, at any generation, the user can edit the current conﬁguration by

inserting new living cells or by deleting living cells.

Answer

See project P1.

P5.

Add a feature to the Life program so, if the user wishes at any generation, it will display a help screen

giving the rules for the Life game and explaining how to use the program.

Answer

See project P1.

P6.

Add a step mode to the Life program, so it will explain every change it makes while going from one

generation to the next.

Answer

See project P1.

课后答案网 www.khdaw.com

20 Chapter 1 • Programming Principles

P7.

Use direct cursor addressing (a system-dependent feature) to make the Life method print update the

conﬁguration instead of completely rewriting it at each generation.

Answer

The changes required are system dependent and have not been implemented.

P8.

Use different colors in the Life output to show which cells have changed in the current generation and

which have not.

Answer

The changes required are system dependent and have not been implemented.

1.6 CONCLUSIONS AND PREVIEW

Programming Projects 1.6

P1. A magic square is a square array of integers such that the sum of every row, the sum of every column,

and sum of each of the two diagonals are all equal.

(a) Write a program that reads a square array of integers and determines whether or not it is a magic square.

(b) Write a program that generates a magic square by the following method. This method works only when

the size of the square is an odd number. Start by placing 1 in the middle of the top row. Write down

successive integers 2, 3,

...along a diagonal going upward and to the right. When you reach the top row

(as you do immediately since 1 is in the top row), continue to the bottom row as though the bottom row

were immediately above the top row. When you reach the rightmost column, continue to the leftmost

column as though it were immediately to the right of the rightmost one. When you reach a position that

is already occupied, instead drop straight down one position from the previous number to insert the new

one.

Answer

#include "../../c/utility.h"

#include "../../c/utility.cpp"

#include "square.h"

#include "square.cpp"

int main()

{

cout << "Magic Square Program" << endl << endl;

cout << "Enter a square of integers:" << endl;

Square s;

s.read();

if (s.is_magic()) cout << "That square is magic!" << endl;

else cout << "That square is not magic." << endl;

cout << endl << endl << "Generatinga5x5magic square:" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------" << endl << endl;

s.generate(5);

s.print();

cout << endl << endl << "Generatinga7x7magic square:" << endl;

cout << "--------------------------------" << endl << endl;

s.generate(7);

s.print();

}

const int max_size = 9;

class Square {

public:

void read();

void print();

bool is_magic();

void generate(int n);

课后答案网 www.khdaw.com

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