Cryptography in Blockchain
• Cryptography is a fundamental aspect of blockchain technology, providing the necessary security
and privacy features that enable trust and authenticity in a decentralized network. Here are some
key cryptographic techniques used in blockchain:
1.Hash Functions: Hash functions are used to convert input data of arbitrary length into fixed-size
outputs, known as hashes. Hashes are used to identify and verify the integrity of data, as any
change to the input data results in a different hash output. Blockchain uses hash functions to
store transaction data and create a tamper-proof record of transactions.
2.Public Key Cryptography: Public key cryptography, also known as asymmetric cryptography, uses a
pair of keys – a public key and a private key – to encrypt and decrypt data. Each user in the
blockchain network has a public key that is shared with others, while the corresponding private
key is kept secret. Public key cryptography is used to ensure secure communication and
authentication in the blockchain network.
3.Digital Signatures: Digital signatures are used to provide authenticity and integrity to messages or
transactions. A digital signature is generated using a private key and can be verified using the
corresponding public key. In blockchain, digital signatures are used to prove ownership of assets
and ensure that transactions are authorized by the correct parties.
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