Oracle Database Utilities 11g: A Comprehensive Guide

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"Oracle® Database Utilities 11g Release 1 (11.1) 是一份官方文档，详细介绍了Oracle数据库11g版本的各种实用工具。这份文档由多个作者共同编写，涵盖了1996年至2007年间的版权信息，并强调了对软件和文档的使用、披露限制以及反向工程、拆卸或反编译的禁止情况，旨在保护Oracle的知识产权。 Oracle数据库实用程序是用于管理、维护和优化Oracle数据库的关键工具集。在11g版本中，这些工具提供了一系列功能，包括数据迁移、备份与恢复、性能监控和调整、数据装载与卸载、数据库升级等。以下是一些重要的知识点： 1. **数据泵（Data Pump）**：这是一个高速的数据传输机制，用于在数据库之间移动数据。它包括EXPDP（导出）和IMPDP（导入）命令，可以进行表、模式甚至整个数据库的快速迁移。 2. **SQL*Loader**：这是一个批量加载数据到Oracle数据库的工具，可以从各种文件格式快速输入大量数据，支持多种数据格式和转换规则。 3. **RMAN（Recovery Manager）**：是Oracle数据库的备份和恢复工具，提供全面的备份策略，支持增量备份、完整备份，以及在灾难恢复时的数据库恢复操作。 4. **DBVERIFY**和**DBUPGRADE**：DBVERIFY用于检查数据库的物理结构，确保其完整性；DBUPGRADE则协助在不同版本之间升级数据库，确保过程顺利且数据无损。 5. **Enterprise Manager**：这是一个强大的管理工具，通过图形界面提供数据库监控、性能分析、任务调度等功能，使得数据库管理员能够更有效地管理和维护数据库。 6. **DDL Utility**：如DDL生成器，可以自动创建或更新数据库对象的DDL语句，方便数据库的设计和维护。 7. **Performance Tuning Utilities**：如SQL Tuning Advisor，用于分析和优化SQL查询性能，提高数据库的运行效率。 8. ** flashback技术**：包括Flashback Query、Flashback Table和Flashback Transaction，允许用户查看过去的数据库状态，甚至可以回滚到特定时间点，增强了数据库的恢复能力。 9. **Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)** 和 **Statistical Sampling**：AWR自动收集数据库的性能数据，帮助识别性能瓶颈；统计采样则用于数据库统计信息的收集，以优化查询计划。 10. **DBMS Packages**：如DBMS_JOB、DBMS_SCHEDULER等，用于调度数据库任务，自动化日常维护工作。这份文档详细阐述了每个工具的使用方法、参数设置和最佳实践，对于Oracle数据库管理员来说是必不可少的参考材料。通过学习和掌握这些工具，用户可以更高效地管理和维护他们的Oracle 11g数据库环境。

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CHARACTERSET ........................................................................................................................... 13-6

LANGUAGE.................................................................................................................................... 13-6

TERRITORIES.................................................................................................................................. 13-6

DATA IS...ENDIAN........................................................................................................................ 13-7

BYTEORDERMARK (CHECK | NOCHECK)............................................................................ 13-7

STRING SIZES ARE IN .................................................................................................................. 13-8

LOAD WHEN.................................................................................................................................. 13-8

BADFILE | NOBADFILE............................................................................................................... 13-8

DISCARDFILE | NODISCARDFILE ........................................................................................... 13-9

LOG FILE | NOLOGFILE.............................................................................................................. 13-9

SKIP .................................................................................................................................................. 13-9

READSIZE........................................................................................................................................ 13-9

DISABLE_DIRECTORY_LINK_CHECK..................................................................................... 13-9

DATE_CACHE.............................................................................................................................. 13-10

string ............................................................................................................................................... 13-10

condition_spec............................................................................................................................... 13-10

[directory object name:] filename ............................................................................................... 13-11

condition......................................................................................................................................... 13-12

range start : range end........................................................................................................... 13-12

field_definitions Clause..................................................................................................................... 13-12

delim_spec...................................................................................................................................... 13-14

Example: External Table with Terminating Delimiters.................................................... 13-15

Example: External Table with Enclosure and Terminator Delimiters ........................... 13-15

Example: External Table with Optional Enclosure Delimiters........................................ 13-15

trim_spec ........................................................................................................................................ 13-16

MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL ..................................................................................... 13-17

field_list .......................................................................................................................................... 13-17

pos_spec Clause............................................................................................................................. 13-18

start........................................................................................................................................... 13-18

*................................................................................................................................................. 13-19

increment................................................................................................................................. 13-19

end............................................................................................................................................ 13-19

length ....................................................................................................................................... 13-19

datatype_spec Clause ................................................................................................................... 13-19

[UNSIGNED] INTEGER [EXTERNAL] [(len)] .................................................................. 13-20

DECIMAL [EXTERNAL] and ZONED [EXTERNAL]......................................................

13-21

ORACLE_DATE..................................................................................................................... 13-21

ORACLE_NUMBER.............................................................................................................. 13-21

Floating-Point Numbers ....................................................................................................... 13-21

DOUBLE.................................................................................................................................. 13-22

FLOAT [EXTERNAL]............................................................................................................ 13-22

BINARY_DOUBLE ................................................................................................................ 13-22

BINARY_FLOAT.................................................................................................................... 13-22

RAW......................................................................................................................................... 13-22

CHAR....................................................................................................................................... 13-22

date_format_spec................................................................................................................... 13-23

VARCHAR and VARRAW................................................................................................... 13-25

xvii

VARCHARC and VARRAWC............................................................................................. 13-26

init_spec Clause............................................................................................................................. 13-26

column_transforms Clause................................................................................................................ 13-27

transform ........................................................................................................................................ 13-27

column_name ......................................................................................................................... 13-28

NULL ....................................................................................................................................... 13-28

CONSTANT ........................................................................................................................... 13-28

CONCAT................................................................................................................................. 13-28

LOBFILE.................................................................................................................................. 13-28

lobfile_attr_list........................................................................................................................ 13-28

Reserved Words for the ORACLE_LOADER Access Driver ...................................................... 13-29

14 The ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver

access_parameters Clause .................................................................................................................... 14-1

comments ......................................................................................................................................... 14-2

COMPRESSION .............................................................................................................................. 14-2

ENCRYPTION................................................................................................................................. 14-2

LOGFILE | NOLOGFILE............................................................................................................... 14-3

Filenames for LOGFILE .......................................................................................................... 14-4

VERSION Clause............................................................................................................................. 14-4

Effects of Using the SQL ENCRYPT Clause................................................................................ 14-4

Unloading and Loading Data with the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver........................ 14-5

Parallel Loading and Unloading................................................................................................... 14-8

Combining Dump Files.................................................................................................................. 14-8

Supported Datatypes ............................................................................................................................ 14-9

Unsupported Datatypes ..................................................................................................................... 14-10

Unloading and Loading BFILE Datatypes ................................................................................ 14-10

Unloading LONG and LONG RAW Datatypes ....................................................................... 14-12

Unloading and Loading Columns Containing Final Object Types ....................................... 14-13

Tables of Final Object Types........................................................................................................ 14-14

Reserved Words for the ORACLE_DATAPUMP Access Driver ................................................ 14-15

Part IV Other Utilities

15 ADRCI: ADR Command Interpreter

About the ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI)............................................................................ 15-1

Definitions.............................................................................................................................................. 15-2

Starting ADRCI and Getting Help .................................................................................................... 15-4

Using ADRCI in Interactive Mode ............................................................................................... 15-4

Getting Help..................................................................................................................................... 15-5

Using ADRCI in Batch Mode ........................................................................................................ 15-6

Setting the ADRCI Homepath Before Using ADRCI Commands .............................................. 15-6

Viewing the Alert Log .......................................................................................................................... 15-8

Finding Trace Files ................................................................................................................................ 15-9

Viewing Incidents ............................................................................................................................... 15-10

Packaging Incidents............................................................................................................................ 15-10

xviii

About Packaging Incidents.......................................................................................................... 15-10

Creating Incident Packages ......................................................................................................... 15-11

Creating a Logical Incident Package................................................................................... 15-12

Adding Diagnostic Information to a Logical Incident Package...................................... 15-13

Generating a Physical Incident Package............................................................................. 15-14

ADRCI Command Reference............................................................................................................ 15-14

CREATE REPORT......................................................................................................................... 15-15

ECHO.............................................................................................................................................. 15-16

EXIT................................................................................................................................................. 15-16

HOST............................................................................................................................................... 15-17

IPS.................................................................................................................................................... 15-17

Using the <ADR_HOME> and <ADR_BASE> Variables in IPS Commands............... 15-18

IPS ADD .................................................................................................................................. 15-18

IPS ADD FILE......................................................................................................................... 15-19

IPS ADD NEW INCIDENTS ................................................................................................ 15-20

IPS COPY IN FILE ................................................................................................................. 15-20

IPS COPY OUT FILE ............................................................................................................. 15-21

IPS CREATE PACKAGE....................................................................................................... 15-21

IPS DELETE PACKAGE ....................................................................................................... 15-23

IPS FINALIZE......................................................................................................................... 15-23

IPS GENERATE PACKAGE................................................................................................. 15-23

IPS GET MANIFEST.............................................................................................................. 15-24

IPS GET METADATA........................................................................................................... 15-24

IPS PACK ................................................................................................................................ 15-25

IPS REMOVE .......................................................................................................................... 15-26

IPS REMOVE FILE................................................................................................................. 15-27

IPS SET CONFIGURATION................................................................................................. 15-28

IPS SHOW CONFIGURATION........................................................................................... 15-28

IPS SHOW FILES ................................................................................................................... 15-31

IPS SHOW INCIDENTS........................................................................................................ 15-32

IPS UNPACK FILE ................................................................................................................ 15-33

PURGE............................................................................................................................................ 15-33

QUIT................................................................................................................................................ 15-34

RUN................................................................................................................................................. 15-34

SET BASE........................................................................................................................................ 15-35

SET BROWSER .............................................................................................................................. 15-35

SET CONTROL..............................................................................................................................

15-36

SET ECHO...................................................................................................................................... 15-36

SET EDITOR................................................................................................................................... 15-36

SET HOMEPATH.......................................................................................................................... 15-37

SET TERMOUT.............................................................................................................................. 15-37

SHOW ALERT............................................................................................................................... 15-37

SHOW BASE.................................................................................................................................. 15-40

SHOW CONTROL........................................................................................................................ 15-40

SHOW HM_RUN.......................................................................................................................... 15-40

SHOW HOMEPATH .................................................................................................................... 15-41

SHOW HOMES ............................................................................................................................. 15-42

xix

SHOW INCDIR ............................................................................................................................. 15-42

SHOW INCIDENT........................................................................................................................ 15-43

SHOW PROBLEM......................................................................................................................... 15-46

SHOW REPORT ............................................................................................................................ 15-47

SHOW TRACEFILE ...................................................................................................................... 15-48

SPOOL ............................................................................................................................................ 15-48

Troubleshooting ADRCI.................................................................................................................... 15-49

16 DBVERIFY: Offline Database Verification Utility

Using DBVERIFY to Validate Disk Blocks of a Single Datafile.................................................. 16-1

Syntax................................................................................................................................................ 16-1

Parameters........................................................................................................................................ 16-2

Sample DBVERIFY Output For a Single Datafile....................................................................... 16-2

Using DBVERIFY to Validate a Segment ......................................................................................... 16-3

Syntax................................................................................................................................................ 16-3

Parameters........................................................................................................................................ 16-4

Sample DBVERIFY Output For a Validated Segment ............................................................... 16-4

17 DBNEWID Utility

What Is the DBNEWID Utility?.......................................................................................................... 17-1

Ramifications of Changing the DBID and DBNAME ................................................................... 17-1

Considerations for Global Database Names ............................................................................... 17-2

Changing the DBID and DBNAME of a Database......................................................................... 17-2

Changing the DBID and Database Name.................................................................................... 17-2

Changing Only the Database ID ................................................................................................... 17-5

Changing Only the Database Name............................................................................................. 17-5

Troubleshooting DBNEWID.......................................................................................................... 17-7

DBNEWID Syntax................................................................................................................................. 17-8

Parameters........................................................................................................................................ 17-8

Restrictions and Usage Notes........................................................................................................ 17-9

Additional Restrictions for Releases Prior to Oracle Database 10g ....................................... 17-10

18 Using LogMiner to Analyze Redo Log Files

LogMiner Benefits................................................................................................................................. 18-1

Introduction to LogMiner.................................................................................................................... 18-2

LogMiner Configuration................................................................................................................ 18-2

Sample Configuration ............................................................................................................. 18-3

Requirements............................................................................................................................ 18-3

Directing LogMiner Operations and Retrieving Data of Interest ............................................ 18-4

LogMiner Dictionary Files and Redo Log Files .............................................................................. 18-5

LogMiner Dictionary Options....................................................................................................... 18-5

Using the Online Catalog........................................................................................................ 18-6

Extracting a LogMiner Dictionary to the Redo Log Files................................................... 18-7

Extracting the LogMiner Dictionary to a Flat File .............................................................. 18-8

Redo Log File Options.................................................................................................................... 18-8

Starting LogMiner............................................................................................................................... 18-10

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS for Redo Data of Interest .............................................. 18-10

How the V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS View Is Populated ........................................................ 18-12

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS Based on Column Values........................................... 18-13

The Meaning of NULL Values Returned by the MINE_VALUE Function................... 18-14

Usage Rules for the MINE_VALUE and COLUMN_PRESENT Functions .................. 18-14

Querying V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS Based on XMLType Columns and Tables............... 18-14

Restrictions When Using LogMiner With XMLType Data.............................................. 18-17

Example of a PL/SQL Procedure for Assembling XMLType Data................................ 18-17

Filtering and Formatting Data Returned to V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS ................................. 18-19

Showing Only Committed Transactions ................................................................................... 18-20

Skipping Redo Corruptions......................................................................................................... 18-22

Filtering Data by Time.................................................................................................................. 18-23

Filtering Data by SCN................................................................................................................... 18-23

Formatting Reconstructed SQL Statements for Re-execution ................................................ 18-24

Formatting the Appearance of Returned Data for Readability.............................................. 18-24

Reapplying DDL Statements Returned to V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS ................................... 18-25

Calling DBMS_LOGMNR.START_LOGMNR Multiple Times................................................ 18-25

Supplemental Logging....................................................................................................................... 18-26

Database-Level Supplemental Logging..................................................................................... 18-27

Minimal Supplemental Logging.......................................................................................... 18-27

Database-Level Identification Key Logging....................................................................... 18-27

Disabling Database-Level Supplemental Logging................................................................... 18-29

Table-Level Supplemental Logging ........................................................................................... 18-29

Table-Level Identification Key Logging............................................................................. 18-29

Table-Level User-Defined Supplemental Log Groups..................................................... 18-30

Usage Notes for User-Defined Supplemental Log Groups ............................................. 18-31

Tracking DDL Statements in the LogMiner Dictionary .......................................................... 18-31

DDL_DICT_TRACKING and Supplemental Logging Settings ............................................. 18-32

DDL_DICT_TRACKING and Specified Time or SCN Ranges .............................................. 18-33

Accessing LogMiner Operational Information in Views ............................................................ 18-34

Querying V$LOGMNR_LOGS.................................................................................................... 18-35

Querying Views for Supplemental Logging Settings.............................................................. 18-36

Steps in a Typical LogMiner Session .............................................................................................. 18-37

Enable Supplemental Logging .................................................................................................... 18-38

Extract a LogMiner Dictionary.................................................................................................... 18-38

Specify Redo Log Files for Analysis........................................................................................... 18-38

Start LogMiner...............................................................................................................................

18-39

Query V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS.............................................................................................. 18-40

End the LogMiner Session ........................................................................................................... 18-40

Examples Using LogMiner ................................................................................................................ 18-41

Examples of Mining by Explicitly Specifying the Redo Log Files of Interest ...................... 18-41

Example 1: Finding All Modifications in the Last Archived Redo Log File.................. 18-41

Example 2: Grouping DML Statements into Committed Transactions ........................ 18-44

Example 3: Formatting the Reconstructed SQL................................................................. 18-45

Example 4: Using the LogMiner Dictionary in the Redo Log Files................................ 18-48

Example 5: Tracking DDL Statements in the Internal Dictionary .................................. 18-56

Example 6: Filtering Output by Time Range ..................................................................... 18-59

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Oracle Database Utilities 11g: A Comprehensive Guide

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