but these are little used. Other sites also contain a mixture of the old and the new; we focus our
discussion on the new aspects.
Another heuristic to aid distinguishing Web2 and Web1 can be based on time: the term “Web
2.0” was coined around 2004, and many of the first truly Web2 sites began emerging in late 2003
and early 2004. So sites which have changed little in structure since the early 2000’s or before
may safely be considered Web1 (such as IMDB). A definition of Web2 by O’Reilly in 2005 [23]
emphasizes Web2 as viewing the Web as a platform. It is fair to say that many of the ideas that
are now called Web2 were seen in earlier forms in the efforts of AOL and Geocities. While AOL
brought the Internet to the masses, it also emphasized the notion of contained communities within
which people could interact. Geocities initially operated with an enforced metaphor of ‘neighbor-
hoods’. These are precursors of current notions of groups and communities finding new and larger
audiences in Web2. However, most Web2 sites differ by more forcefully making the user a first
class object in their systems, and by employing new technology to make interaction easier for the
user.
Some of the important site features that mark out a Web2 site include the following:
• Users as first class entities in the system, with prominent profile pages, including such features
as: age, sex, location, testimonials, or comments about the user by other users.
• The ability to form connections between users, via links to other users who are “friends”,
membership in “groups” of various kinds, and subscriptions or RSS feeds of “updates” from other
users
• The ability to post content in many forms: photos, videos, blogs, comments and ratings on
other users’ content, tagging of own or others’ content, and some ability to control privacy and
sharing.
• Other more technical features, including a public API to allow third-party enhancements and
“mash-ups”, and embedding of various rich content types (e.g. Flash videos), and communication
with other users through internal email or IM systems.
Some additional explanation is required. Testimonials are comments from other users posted
directly on a users profile. These can be general approbation (as in Flickr), or more for chatting
in public (Facebook’s “wall”). These are common in Web2 but missing in the less user-centric
Web1. Other data can often be added on the user’s profile page: in Web2 this is information such
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