EMF：Eclipse建模框架：元模型编程与UML到Java代码生成指南

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Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) 是一款强大的元模型编程工具，它与统一建模语言 (UML) 结合，为Java代码自动生成提供了显著的优势。该框架由Dave Steinberg、Frank Budinsky、Marcelo Paternostro和Ed Merks等人共同开发，最初由Addison-Wesley Professional出版社在2008年12月16日发行，第二版则进一步增强了对个人和非商业用途的支持。本书的官方ISBN分别为10位的0-321-33188-5和13位的978-0-321-33188-5，总共有744页，适合深度学习和实践者参考。 EMF的核心价值在于它允许开发者通过建立简单的模型快速构建健壮的应用程序，这大大提升了软件开发的效率。第二版的EMF教程详尽地介绍了如何解决实际问题，包括如何利用该框架进行模型设计、代码生成、以及如何优化开发流程和提升软件质量。系列编辑Erich Gamma、Lee Nackman和John Wiegand共同编著，确保了内容的专业性和权威性。本书涵盖了广泛的EMF知识点，如： 1. **元模型基础**：介绍元模型的概念，它是Eclipse Modeling Framework的基础，允许用户创建抽象的、可重用的结构来表示复杂的数据和行为。 2. **UML支持**：讲解如何将UML模型映射到EMF模型，以便于理解和实现。读者可以学习如何定义模型元素、关系和约束，以符合软件工程的最佳实践。 3. **代码生成**：展示如何使用EMF生成器工具自动生成Java类和接口，使得模型可以直接映射到实际的程序结构，简化编码工作。 4. **API和框架使用**：详细介绍EMF提供的API，包括Model-to-Text转换器（MTL）、Model-to-Java转换器（JMetamodel），以及如何利用这些工具来扩展框架。 5. **实战案例分析**：书中提供了丰富的实例，让读者了解如何处理各种实际场景，如数据持久化、交互式编辑器、复杂业务逻辑等。 6. **性能优化与调试**：探讨如何优化模型和生成的代码以提高执行效率，并分享调试和维护EMF项目的技巧。 7. **最佳实践和设计模式**：总结从EMF项目实践中提炼出的设计原则和方法，帮助开发者避免常见陷阱并提高工作效率。 Eclipse Modeling Framework的第二版是一本实用的指南，对于希望在现代软件开发中利用元模型编程技术，特别是在Java环境中工作的开发者来说，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的专业人士，都能从中受益匪浅。

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EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE LIMITATION

Peking University Software Engineering Insistute 2009

Foreword by Mike Milinkovich

The Eclipse Modeling Framework is an exemplary open source project in many

respects. We at the Eclipse Foundation have a number of ways to value the

contributions of any one project to our community. Our criteria include industry

adoption, robust technology, stability as an extensible platform, and open and

transparent project leadership. In all of these ways and more, EMF has for many

years been one of the very best of Eclipse.

With respect to industry adoption, I have often marveled at the amazing success of

EMF. A large part of my role at the Eclipse Foundation is to travel and speak with

adopters of Eclipse technology. Whether I am speaking to startups, enterprises or

established software vendors, everywhere I go EMF is on the list of key Eclipse

technologies being used. Its ability to simplify the development of complex software

applications and products has been widely recognized. Rarely has a single

framework driven so much developer productivity in so many domains.

This adoption has largely been driven by a very simple value proposition: EMF is

great technology. Careful attention has been paid to EMF's architecture, the

completeness of its APIs, its flexibility, and its performance. And performance is key

for any technology that is going to be used in real world applications.

As a platform, EMF has transformed the modeling tools industry. Leading model

tools vendors such as Borland and IBM have based their products on EMF, making a

strategic decision that EMF is their core modeling framework of the future. Almost

every new modeling product that I have seen over the past four years has been based

on EMF.

So, EMF has clearly seen enormous adoption in the industry, but that is only half the

story. We look at EMF as a community success story as well. The EMF team has

always done an excellent job of interacting with community. Ed Merks, the leader of

the project and one of the authors of this book, is famous throughout the Eclipse

community for his prompt responses to any adopter's inquiry about EMF. That

leadership-by-example has resulted in the entire EMF team being one of the most

community-focused at Eclipse.

EMF is an enormous Eclipse community success story and I am certain that this book

will help further that success.

Mike Milinkovich

Executive Director, Eclipse Foundation

November 2008

EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE LIMITATION

Peking University Software Engineering Insistute 2009

Preface

This book is a comprehensive introduction and developer's guide to the Eclipse

Modeling Framework (EMF). EMF is a powerful framework and code generation

facility for building Java applications based on simple model definitions. Designed to

make modeling practical and useful to the mainstream Java programmer, EMF

unifies three important technologies: Java, XML, and UML. Models can be defined

using a UML modeling tool or an XML Schema, or even by specifying simple

annotations on Java interfaces. In this last case, the developer writes just a subset of

abstract interfaces that describe the model, and the rest of the code is generated

automatically and merged back in.

By relating modeling concepts to the simple Java representations of those concepts,

EMF has successfully bridged the gap between modelers and Java programmers. It

serves as a gentle introduction to modeling for Java programmers and at the same

time as a reinforcement of the modeler's theory that a great deal of coding can be

automated, given an appropriate tool. This book shows how EMF is such a tool. It

also shows how using EMF lets you do more with your models that you might have

thought possible.

EMF provides a runtime framework that allows any modeled data to be easily

validated, persisted, and edited in a UI. Change notification and recording are

supported automatically. Metadata is available to enable generic processing of any

data using a uniform, reflective API. With all of these features and more, EMF is the

foundation for data sharing and fine-grained interoperability among tools and

applications in Eclipse, in much the same way that Eclipse is itself a platform for

integration at the component and UI level. Numerous organizations are currently

using Eclipse, EMF, and the growing number of EMF-based technologies in the

Eclipse Modeling Project as the foundation for their own commercial and open

source offerings.

This book assumes the reader is familiar with object-oriented programming concepts

and specifically with the Java programming language. Previous exposure to

modeling technologies such as UML, although helpful, is not required. Part I

(Chapters 1 to 4) provides a basic overview of the most important concepts in EMF

and modeling. This part teaches someone with basic Java programming skills

everything needed to start using EMF to model and build an application. Part II

(Chapters 5 to 9) presents a thorough overview of EMF's metamodel, Ecore, followed

by details of the mappings between Ecore and the other supported model-definition

forms: UML, annotated Java, and XML Schema. Part III (Chapters 10 to 13) includes

detailed analyses of EMF's code generator patterns and tools, followed by an

EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE LIMITATION

Peking University Software Engineering Insistute 2009

end-to-end example of a non-trivial EMF application. Finally, Part IV (Chapters 14 to

21) takes a close look at EMF's runtime framework and discusses important EMF

programming techniques.

The bulk of this book is based on EMF 2.2, the last version to support the venerable

Java 1.4 language. In version 2.3, EMF adopted key language features of Java 5.0,

making it incompatible with previous Java runtimes. EMF 2.2, which was current

while much of this book was written, is therefore still popular and an excellent base

for learning about the framework. The code in Chapters 1 to 20 is based on that

version, but due to EMF's backward compatibility, all examples run without change

on version 2.4, the latest at the time of this book's release. Chapter 21 focuses

specifically on changes in EMF 2.3 and 2.4 and, as such, uses 2.4 as the basis for its

examples.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following formatting conventions are used throughout this book:

Bold— Used for the names of model elements, such as packages, classes, attributes,

and references; and of user-interface elements, including menus, buttons, tabs, and

text boxes.

Italic— Used for filenames and URIs, as well as for placeholder text that is meant to

be replaced by a particular name. New terms are often italicized for emphasis. Also,

in Chapter 9's example mappings, items shown purely to provide context appear in

italics.

Courier— Used for all code samples and for in-text references to code elements,

including the names of Java packages, classes, interfaces, methods, fields, variables,

and keywords. Plug-in names, command lines, and elements of non-Java files,

including XML, also appear in this font.

Courier Bold— Used to emphasize portions of code samples, usually new insertions

or changes.

Courier Strikethrough— Used in code samples to indicate that text should be

deleted.

Online Examples

The Web site for this book is located at

http://www.informit.com/title/9780321331885. All of the example models and code

used throughout this book can be downloaded from there. The site will also provide

an errata list, and other news related to the book.

EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2

PERSONAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL USE LIMITATION

Peking University Software Engineering Insistute 2009

Eclipse and EMF are required to use the examples. You can download one of several

Eclipse packages (we recommend Eclipse Classic) at

http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ and the all-in-one EMF SDK at

http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/emf/downloads/.

Acknowledgments

This book would not have been possible without the contributions of many people.

First and foremost, we must thank those who reviewed our early drafts, pointed out

our errors, and helped us improve our writing with their thoughtful feedback: Chris

Aniszczyk, Chris Daly, Kenn Hussey, Elena Litani, and Kevin Williams. Kenn and

Elena, in particular, also deserve acknowledgement for their major contributions to

EMF as committers on the project. We also thank Stefan Baramov and Reinhold

Bihler for their feedback on the Rough Cuts version of the book. We are grateful to

Richard Gronback and Mike Milinkovich for their kind and insightful Forewords. A

big thanks also goes to Greg Doench and Michelle Housley at Pearson, and to our

production manager Mary Sudul, for their skill and patience in steering us through

this process.

Of course, there are many more people who have contributed to EMF, and without

them, this book would have been much shorter and not nearly as interesting. Thanks

to Lucas Bigeardel, Boris Bokowski, Nick Boldt, Steve Brodsky, Cedric Brun, Ian Bull,

Christian Damus, Dmitry Denisov, Raymond Ellersick, Tim Grose, Michael Hanner,

Anthony Hunter, Sridhar Iyengar, Bernd Kolb, Daniel Leroux, Kim Letkeman,

Martin Nally, Frederic Plante, Bertrand Portier, Barbara Price, Tom Schindl, David

Sciamma, Neil Skrypuch, Eike Stepper, and Martin Taal. EMF truly is a community

effort, and there are countless members of the community who have contributed in

various ways. It would be impossible to name them all, but we are deeply

appreciative of everyone who has reported bugs, offered patches, provided feedback,

written articles, answered other users' questions, promoted EMF, and created or

contributed to related components in the Eclipse Modeling Project. Thanks also to

the wider Eclipse community, and to all the talented people at the Eclipse

Foundation who have nurtured and supported it.

Finally, we wish to express our love and appreciation to our partners, spouses, and

families. Writing this book was no small task, and we couldn't have done it without

their support.

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