IEEE802.11s：无线Mesh网络标准详解

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"802.11S MeshX协议标准是IEEE 802.11标准的一个重要补充，专注于无线局域网（WLAN）的Mesh网络规范。此协议详细阐述了如何在802.11协议环境下组建和管理Mesh网络，以实现高效、可靠的数据传输。Mesh网络允许设备之间直接通信，形成多跳网络，提高了网络的覆盖范围和容错能力。802.11s标准结合了其他多个IEEE 802.11修正案的功能，如802.11k、802.11r、802.11y、802.11w、802.11n、802.11p、802.11z、802.11v和802.11u，这些修正案分别涉及信道管理、快速漫游、高频段扩展、安全管理、高速传输、车辆通信、快速连接建立、网络管理和互操作性等关键领域。" 802.11S协议的关键知识点： 1. **Mesh拓扑**：802.11s定义了一种自组织的Mesh网络架构，其中每个节点（例如，接入点或客户端）都可以作为路由器，将数据包转发到目的地。这种拓扑增强了网络的可靠性和扩展性，因为数据可以通过多条路径传输。 2. **路由协议**：协议中包含了路由选择算法，如按需距离向量路由(ODVR)和最短路径树(SPT)构建。这些算法确保了高效的数据传递，同时适应网络动态变化。 3. **QoS支持**：802.11s提供了服务质量(QoS)保证，通过优先级队列和带宽预留来满足不同应用的延迟和带宽需求。 4. **安全机制**：与802.11w协同工作，802.11s提供了管理帧保护，增强了Mesh网络的安全性，防止中间人攻击和其他网络安全威胁。 5. **网络管理**：802.11s引入了网络发现、配置和维护机制，包括节点的自动发现、网络参数协商和网络状态的维护。 6. **漫游优化**：802.11r和802.11s的结合优化了移动设备在Mesh网络中的漫游过程，减少了漫游时的中断和延迟。 7. **互操作性**：802.11s与其他802.11标准兼容，确保了不同设备之间的无缝协作。 8. **性能提升**：802.11n的引入带来了更高的数据传输速率，而802.11y则扩展了频谱使用，特别是在未授权的5GHz频段。 9. **网络诊断和优化**：802.11k提供了网络测量和报告功能，帮助管理员监控网络性能，识别并解决问题。 10. **信息交换**：802.11u则专注于增强网络间的互通性，包括对外部网络的发现和访问，促进了不同Mesh网络的融合。 802.11S标准的实施使得Mesh网络在无线城市、智能交通、物联网(IoT)等领域有着广泛的应用前景，尤其是在那些需要大范围覆盖、高可靠性和低延迟通信的场景。

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9.1.3a Mesh coordination function (MCF)......................................................................... 114

9.6 Multirate support...................................................................................................................... 114

9.6.0c1 Basic Rate Set and Basic MCS Set for mesh STA .................................................. 114

9.7d A-MPDU operation.................................................................................................................. 115

9.7d.4 A-MPDU aggregation of group addressed data frames........................................... 115

9.9 HCF.......................................................................................................................................... 115

9.9.1 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA) ...................................................... 115

9.9.1.2 EDCA TXOPs...................................................................................... 115

9.9a Mesh coordination function (MCF)......................................................................................... 116

9.9a.1 General..................................................................................................................... 116

9.9a.2 MCF contention-based channel access .................................................................... 116

9.9a.3 MCF controlled channel access (MCCA)................................................................ 116

9.9a.3.1 General................................................................................................. 116

9.9a.3.2 MCCA activation................................................................................. 117

9.9a.3.3 MCCAOP reservations ........................................................................ 117

9.9a.3.4 Neighborhood MCCAOP periods at a mesh STA ............................... 118

9.9a.3.5 MCCA access fraction (MAF)............................................................. 119

9.9a.3.6 MCCAOP setup procedure .................................................................. 119

9.9a.3.7 MCCAOP advertisement ..................................................................... 120

9.9a.3.8 MCCAOP teardown............................................................................. 125

9.9a.3.9 Access during MCCAOPs ................................................................... 126

9.9a.3.10 Interaction with time synchronization ................................................. 127

9.13 Protection mechanisms ............................................................................................................ 127

9.13.2 Protection mechanisms for non-ERP receivers ....................................................... 127

9.13.3 Protection mechanisms for transmissions of HT PPDUs ........................................ 128

9.13.3.1 General................................................................................................. 128

9.13.3.4a Protection rules for an HT mesh STA in an MBSS............................. 128

9.13.5 L-SIG TXOP protection........................................................................................... 129

9.13.5.1 General rules ........................................................................................ 129

9.22 Mesh forwarding framework ...................................................................................................129

9.22.1 General..................................................................................................................... 129

9.22.2 Forwarding information........................................................................................... 130

9.22.3 Frame addressing in an MBSS................................................................................. 130

9.22.4 Addressing and forwarding of individually addressed Mesh Data frames.............. 132

9.22.4.1 At source mesh STAs (individually addressed)................................... 132

9.22.4.2 At intermediate and destination mesh STAs 

(individually addressed)....................................................................... 133

9.22.5 Addressing and forwarding of group addressed Mesh Data frames ........................ 134

9.22.5.1 At source mesh STAs (group addressed)............................................. 134

9.22.5.2 At recipient mesh STAs (group addressed) ......................................... 134

9.22.6 Addressing of Management frames and MMPDU forwarding ............................... 135

9.22.6.1 General................................................................................................. 135

9.22.6.2 MMPDU forwarding using individually addressed Multihop 

Action frames....................................................................................... 135

9.22.6.3 MMPDU forwarding using group addressed Multihop Action 

frames................................................................................................... 136

9.22.7 Detection of duplicate MSDUs/MMPDUs .............................................................. 137

9.22.8 Mesh STAs that do not forward............................................................................... 137

9.22.9 Frame forwarding and unknown destination ........................................................... 137

10. Layer management................................................................................................................................. 139

10.3 MLME SAP interface .............................................................................................................. 139

10.3.2 Scan.......................................................................................................................... 139

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10.3.2.1 MLME-SCAN.request......................................................................... 139

10.3.2.2 MLME-SCAN.confirm........................................................................ 140

10.3.3 Synchronization ....................................................................................................... 141

10.3.3.1 MLME-JOIN.request........................................................................... 141

10.3.4 Authenticate ............................................................................................................. 141

10.3.4.1 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.request..................................................... 141

10.3.4.2 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.confirm.................................................... 142

10.3.4.3 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication ................................................ 143

10.3.4.4 MLME-AUTHENTICATE.response .................................................. 144

10.3.5 Deauthenticate ......................................................................................................... 145

10.3.5.1 MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.request................................................ 145

10.3.10 Start.......................................................................................................................... 145

10.3.10.1 MLME-START.request....................................................................... 145

10.3.10.2 MLME-START.confirm...................................................................... 147

10.3.15 Channel switch......................................................................................................... 147

10.3.15.1 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.request ................................................. 147

10.3.15.3 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.indication............................................. 148

10.3.15.4 MLME-CHANNELSWITCH.response............................................... 149

10.3.35 Extended channel switch announcement ................................................................. 150

10.3.35.1 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.request ......................................... 150

10.3.35.3 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.indication..................................... 151

10.3.35.4 MLME-EXTCHANNELSWITCH.response....................................... 152

10.3.77 Mesh peering management ...................................................................................... 153

10.3.77.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 153

10.3.77.2 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.request........................... 153

10.3.77.3 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.confirm.......................... 154

10.3.77.4 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.indication ...................... 154

10.3.77.5 MLME-MESHPEERINGMANAGEMENT.response ........................ 155

10.3.78 Mesh power management ........................................................................................ 156

10.3.78.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 156

10.3.78.2 MLME-MESHPOWERMGT.request.................................................. 156

10.3.78.3 MLME-MESHPOWERMGT.confirm ................................................ 157

10.3.79 Mesh neighbor offset synchronization..................................................................... 157

10.3.79.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 157

10.3.79.2 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTART.request .............. 157

10.3.79.3 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTART.confirm ............. 158

10.3.79.4 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETCALCULATE.request.............. 158

10.3.79.5 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETCALCULATE.confirm ............ 159

10.3.79.6 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTOP.request................. 160

10.3.79.7 MLME-MESHNEIGHBOROFFSETSYNCSTOP.confirm................ 161

10.3.80 Mesh TBTT adjustment ........................................................................................... 162

10.3.80.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 162

10.3.80.2 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.request .................................... 162

10.3.80.3 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.confirm ................................... 163

10.3.80.4 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.indication................................ 163

10.3.80.5 MLME-MESHTBTTADJUSTMENT.response.................................. 164

10.3.81 MCCA management interface ................................................................................. 165

10.3.81.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 165

10.3.81.2 MLME-ACTIVATEMCCA.request.................................................... 165

10.3.81.3 MLME-ACTIVATEMCCA.confirm................................................... 166

10.3.81.4 MLME-MCCASETUP.request............................................................ 167

10.3.81.5 MLME-MCCASETUP.confirm .......................................................... 168

10.3.81.6 MLME-MCCASETUP.indication ....................................................... 169

10.3.81.7 MLME-MCCASETUP.response ......................................................... 170

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10.3.81.8 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.request ...................................... 171

10.3.81.9 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.confirm ..................................... 172

10.3.81.10 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.indication.................................. 173

10.3.81.11 MLME-MCCAADVERTISEMENT.response.................................... 174

10.3.81.12 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.request................................................. 174

10.3.81.13 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.confirm................................................ 175

10.3.81.14 MLME-MCCATEARDOWN.indication ............................................ 176

10.3.82 MBSS congestion control ........................................................................................ 177

10.3.82.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 177

10.3.82.2 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.request ............................ 177

10.3.82.3 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.confirm ........................... 178

10.3.82.4 MLME-MBSSCONGESTIONCONTROL.indication ........................ 178

10.3.83 MBSS proxy update................................................................................................. 179

10.3.83.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 179

10.3.83.2 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.request............................................ 179

10.3.83.3 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.confirm .......................................... 180

10.3.83.4 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.indication ....................................... 181

10.3.83.5 MLME-MBSSPROXYUPDATE.response ......................................... 182

10.3.84 MBSS mesh gate announcement ............................................................................. 183

10.3.84.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 183

10.3.84.2 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.request ............................ 183

10.3.84.3 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.confirm ........................... 184

10.3.84.4 MLME-MBSSGATEANNOUNCEMENT.indication ........................ 184

10.3.85 Mesh link metric ...................................................................................................... 185

10.3.85.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 185

10.3.85.2 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREAD.request..................................... 185

10.3.85.3 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREAD.confirm.................................... 186

10.3.85.4 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.request ................................ 187

10.3.85.5 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.confirm ............................... 188

10.3.85.6 MLME-MESHLINKMETRICREPORT.indication ............................ 189

10.3.86 HWMP mesh path selection .................................................................................... 190

10.3.86.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 190

10.3.86.2 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.request............................ 190

10.3.86.3 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.confirm........................... 191

10.3.86.4 MLME-HWMPMESHPATHSELECTION.indication ....................... 192

11. MLME ................................................................................................................................................... 194

11.1 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 194

11.1.1 Basic approach......................................................................................................... 194

11.1.1.3 TSF for an MBSS ................................................................................ 194

11.1.2 Maintaining synchronization ................................................................................... 194

11.1.2.2a Beacon generation in an MBSS ........................................................... 194

11.1.2.3 Beacon reception.................................................................................. 194

11.1.3 Acquiring synchronization, scanning ...................................................................... 194

11.1.3.2 Active scanning.................................................................................... 195

11.2 Power management.................................................................................................................. 196

11.2.2a Power management in an MBSS ............................................................................. 196

11.3 STA authentication and association......................................................................................... 196

11.3.1 Authentication and deauthentication ....................................................................... 197

11.3.1.1 Authentication—originating STA........................................................ 197

11.3.1.2 Authentication—destination STA........................................................ 197

11.3.1.3 Deauthentication—originating STA .................................................... 198

11.3.1.4 Deauthentication—destination STA .................................................... 198

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11.3.3 Additional mechanisms for an AP collocated with a mesh STA............................. 198

11.7 DLS operation.......................................................................................................................... 198

11.8 TPC procedures........................................................................................................................ 198

11.8.1a Peering based on transmit power capability ............................................................ 199

11.8.2 Specification of regulatory and local maximum transmit power levels .................. 199

11.9 DFS procedures........................................................................................................................ 200

11.9.2 Quieting channels for testing ................................................................................... 200

11.9.6 Requesting and reporting of measurements............................................................. 200

11.9.7 Selecting and advertising a new channel ................................................................. 200

11.9.7.2a MBSS channel switching..................................................................... 200

11.9a Extended channel switching (ECS) ......................................................................................... 202

11.9a.1 General..................................................................................................................... 202

11.9a.3 Selecting and advertising a new channel and/or regulatory class............................ 203

11.9a.3.3 Selecting and advertising a new channel in an MBSS......................... 203

11.19 STAs communicating data frames outside the context of a BSS ............................................ 203

11.21 Tunneled direct-link setup ....................................................................................................... 203

11.21.1 General..................................................................................................................... 203

11.23 WLAN interworking with external networks procedures........................................................ 203

11.23.2 Interworking capabilities and information............................................................... 203

11.23.6 Interworking procedures: emergency services support ........................................... 204

11A.Fast BSS transition............................................................................................................................... 205

11A.2 Key holders .............................................................................................................................. 205

11A.2.2 Authenticator key holders........................................................................................ 205

11A.2.3 Supplicant key holders............................................................................................. 205

11A.4 FT initial mobility domain association .................................................................................... 205

11A.4.2 FT initial mobility domain association in an RSN .................................................. 205

11A.5 FT Protocol .............................................................................................................................. 206

11A.5.3 Over-the-DS FT Protocol authentication in an RSN ............................................... 206

11A.8 FT authentication sequence ..................................................................................................... 206

11A.8.4 FT authentication sequence: contents of third message........................................... 206

11A.8.5 FT authentication sequence: contents of fourth message ........................................ 206

11C.MLME mesh procedures...................................................................................................................... 207

11C.1 Mesh STA dependencies ......................................................................................................... 207

11C.2 Mesh discovery ........................................................................................................................ 207

11C.2.1 General..................................................................................................................... 207

11C.2.2 Mesh identifier......................................................................................................... 207

11C.2.3 Mesh profile.............................................................................................................208

11C.2.4 Mesh STA configuration ......................................................................................... 208

11C.2.5 Supplemental information for the mesh discovery .................................................. 208

11C.2.6 Scanning mesh BSSs ............................................................................................... 209

11C.2.7 Candidate peer mesh STA ....................................................................................... 209

11C.2.8 Establishing or becoming a member of a mesh BSS ............................................... 209

11C.2.9 Establishing mesh peerings...................................................................................... 210

11C.3 Mesh peering management (MPM) ......................................................................................... 210

11C.3.1 General.................................................................................................................

.... 210

11C.3.

2 State variable management ...................................................................................... 212

11C.3.3 Mesh authentication................................................................................................. 212

11C.3.4 Mesh peering instance controller............................................................................. 213

11C.3.4.1 Overview.............................................................................................. 213

11C.3.4.2 Creating a new mesh peering instance................................................. 213

11C.3.4.3 Deleting mesh peering instances.......................................................... 214

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11C.3.5 Mesh peering instance selection .............................................................................. 214

11C.3.6 Mesh peering open................................................................................................... 215

11C.3.6.1 Generating Mesh Peering Open frames ............................................... 215

11C.3.6.2 Mesh Peering Open frame processing ................................................. 215

11C.3.7 Mesh peering confirm.............................................................................................. 216

11C.3.7.1 Generating Mesh Peering Confirm frames .......................................... 216

11C.3.7.2 Mesh Peering Confirm frame processing ............................................ 216

11C.3.8 Mesh peering close .................................................................................................. 216

11C.3.8.1 Generating Mesh Peering Close frames............................................... 216

11C.3.8.2 Mesh Peering Close frame processing................................................. 216

11C.4 Mesh peering management finite state machine (MPM FSM)................................................ 217

11C.4.1 General..................................................................................................................... 217

11C.4.2 States........................................................................................................................ 217

11C.4.3 Events and actions ................................................................................................... 217

11C.4.4 Timers ...................................................................................................................... 218

11C.4.5 State transitions........................................................................................................219

11C.4.6 IDLE state ................................................................................................................ 221

11C.4.7 OPN_SNT state........................................................................................................ 222

11C.4.8 CNF_RCVD state .................................................................................................... 222

11C.4.9 OPN_RCVD state .................................................................................................... 223

11C.4.10 ESTAB state ............................................................................................................ 224

11C.4.11 HOLDING state....................................................................................................... 224

11C.5 Authenticated mesh peering exchange (AMPE)...................................................................... 224

11C.5.1 Overview.................................................................................................................. 224

11C.5.2 Security capabilities selection.................................................................................. 225

11C.5.2.1 Instance Pairwise Cipher Suite selection ............................................. 225

11C.5.2.2 Group cipher suite selection ................................................................ 225

11C.5.3 Construction and processing AES-SIV-protected Mesh Peering 

Management frames................................................................................................. 226

11C.5.4 MGTK distribution .................................................................................................. 227

11C.5.5 Mesh Peering Management frames for AMPE........................................................ 227

11C.5.5.1 General................................................................................................. 227

11C.5.5.2 Mesh peering open for AMPE ............................................................. 227

11C.5.5.3 Mesh peering confirm for AMPE ........................................................ 228

11C.5.5.4 Mesh peering close for AMPE............................................................. 228

11C.5.6 AMPE finite state machine ...................................................................................... 229

11C.5.6.1 Overview.............................................................................................. 229

11C.5.6.2 Additional events and actions to MPM FSM....................................... 229

11C.5.6.3 State transitions.................................................................................... 230

11C.6 Mesh group key handshake...................................................................................................... 232

11C.6.1 General..................................................................................................................... 232

11C.6.2 Protection on mesh group key handshake frames.................................................... 233

11C.6.3 Mesh Group Key Inform frame construction and processing.................................. 234

11C.6.4 Mesh Group Key Acknowledge frame construction and processing ...................... 234

11C.6.5 Mesh group key implementation considerations ..................................................... 235

11C.7 Mesh path selection and metric framework............................................................................. 235

11C.7.1 General..................................................................................................................... 235

11C.7.2 Extensible path selection framework....................................................................... 236

11C.7.3 Link metric reporting ............................................................................................... 236

11C.8 Airtime link metric................................................................................................................... 236

11C.9 Hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) ................................................................................ 238

11C.9.1 General..................................................................................................................... 238

11C.9.2 Terminology............................................................................................................. 238

11C.9.3 On-demand path selection mode.............................................................................. 240

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