利用Microsoft Excel进行管理统计：方法选择与数据分析

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《统计学为管理者使用Microsoft Excel（第八版）》是一本针对管理者的实用指南，特别强调了如何在日常工作中运用Excel这一强大的数据分析工具进行决策支持。该书详细介绍了如何根据数据类型选择合适的统计方法，包括数值变量和分类变量的数据分析任务。对于数值变量的数据描述，涵盖了诸如有序数组、茎叶图、频率分布、相对频率分布、百分比分布、累积百分比分布、直方图、累积百分比直方图以及实时更新的小部件如Sparklines、仪表盘和树状图。这些图表和工具在第2.2、2.4和2.6章中深入讲解，有助于清晰呈现数据集的概貌和趋势。在处理连续数值数据时，书中涉及了集中趋势的度量，如平均数（mean）、中位数（median）、众数（mode）、几何平均数，以及四分位数、范围、四分位距、标准差、方差、变异系数、偏度和峰度等，这些概念在第3.1、3.2和3.3节中有所阐述。同时，箱线图（boxplot）和正态概率图也被用来理解数据的分布形状。对于分类数据，除了简单的描述性统计外，还介绍了索引数（在线第16.8节），这在比较不同类别间的差异时很有用。此外，该书还讨论了制作各类图表，如总结表、条形图、饼图、甜甜圈图和帕累托图，这些在第2.1和2.3章节中通过实例展示了如何呈现数据的对比和关系。针对单组的推断，书中提供了估计均值的置信区间（第8.1和8.2节）、t检验（用于比较均值，第9.2节）以及卡方检验（用于检验方差或标准差的差异，可查阅在线的第12.7节）。同样，对于比例的置信区间估计（第8.3节）和比例的z检验（第9.4节）也是重要的分析手段。在处理两个组之间的比较时，书中介绍了测试两组均值差异的方法，这些内容对于管理者的决策制定至关重要。通过这些统计分析和Excel工具的应用，管理者能够更准确地解读数据，做出基于证据的决策，从而提升管理效率和效果。

CONTENTS xv

18.4 Control Chart for an Area of Opportunity: The c Chart 18-12

18.5 Control Charts for the Range and the Mean 18-15

The R Chart 18-16

The

X Chart 18-18

18.6 Process Capability 18-21

Customer Satisfaction and Specification Limits 18-21

Capability Indices 18-23

CPL, CPU, and C

18-24

18.7 Total Quality Management 18-26

18.8 Six Sigma 18-28

The DMAIC Model 18-29

Roles in a Six Sigma Organization 18-30

Lean Six Sigma 18-30

USING STATISTICS: Finding Quality at the Beachcomber,

Revisited 18-31

SUMMARY 18-31

REFERENCES 18-32

KEY EQUATIONS 18-32

KEY TERMS 18-33

CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 18-34

CASES FOR CHAPTER 18 18-36

The Harnswell Sewing Machine Company

Case 18-36

Managing Ashland Multicomm Services 18-38

CHAPTER 18 EXCEL GUIDE 18-39

EG18.1 The Theory of Control Charts 18-39

EG18.2 Control Chart for the Proportion: The p Chart 18-39

EG18.3 The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process

Variability 18-40

EG18.4 Control Chart for an Area of Opportunity: The c Chart 18-40

EG18.5 Control Charts for the Range and the Mean 18-41

EG18.6 Process Capability 18-42

Decision Making (online) 19-1

USING STATISTICS: Reliable Decision Making 19-1

19.1 Payoff Tables and Decision Trees 19-2

19.2 Criteria for Decision Making 19-6

Maximax Payoff 19-6

Maximin Payoff 19-7

Expected Monetary Value 19-7

Expected Opportunity Loss 19-9

Return-to-Risk Ratio 19-11

19.3 Decision Making with Sample Information 19-16

19.4 Utility 19-21

CONSIDER THIS: Risky Business 19-22

USING STATISTICS: Reliable Decision-Making,

Revisited 19-22

SUMMARY 19-23

REFERENCES 19-23

KEY EQUATIONS 19-23

KEY TERMS 19-23

CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 19-23

CASES FOR CHAPTER 19 19-26

Digital Case

19-26

Getting Ready to Analyze

Data in the Future

598

USING STATISTICS: Mounting Future Analyses 598

17.1 Analyzing Numerical Variables 599

EXHIBIT: Questions to Ask When Analyzing Numerical

Variables 599

Describe the Characteristics of a Numerical Variable? 599

Reach Conclusions about the Population Mean or the

Standard Deviation? 599

Determine Whether the Mean and/or Standard Deviation

Differs Depending on the Group? 600

Determine Which Factors Affect the Value of a Variable? 600

Predict the Value of a Variable Based on the Values of Other

Variables? 601

Determine Whether the Values of a Variable Are Stable Over

Time? 601

17.2 Analyzing Categorical Variables 601

EXHIBIT: Questions to Ask When Analyzing Categorical

Variables 601

Describe the Proportion of Items of Interest in Each

Category? 601

Reach Conclusions about the Proportion of Items of

Interest? 601

Determine Whether the Proportion of Items of Interest Differs

Depending on the Group? 602

Predict the Proportion of Items of Interest Based on the

Values of Other Variables? 602

Determine Whether the Proportion of Items of Interest Is

Stable Over Time? 602

USING STATISTICS: Back to Arlingtons for the Future 602

17.3 Introduction to Business Analytics 603

Data Mining 603

Power Pivot 603

17.4 Descriptive Analytics 604

Dashboards 605

Dashboard Elements 605

17.5 Predictive Analytics 606

Classification and Regression Trees 607

USING STATISTICS: The Future to be Visited 608

REFERENCES 608

CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 608

CHAPTER 17 EXCEL GUIDE 611

EG17.3 Introduction to Business Analytics 611

EG17.4 Descriptive Analytics 611

Statistical Applications

in Quality Management

(online)

18-1

USING STATISTICS: Finding Quality at the

Beachcomber 18-1

18.1 The Theory of Control Charts 18-2

18.2 Control Chart for the Proportion: The p Chart 18-4

18.3 The Red Bead Experiment: Understanding Process

Variability 18-10

A01_LEVI3054_08_SE_FM.indd 15 12/22/15 4:25 PM

xvi Contents

D.3 Configuring Microsoft Windows Excel Security

Settings 636

D.4 Opening Pearson-Supplied Add-Ins 637

E. Tables 638

E.1 Table of Random Numbers 638

E.2 The Cumulative Standardized Normal Distribution 640

E.3 Critical Values of t 642

E.4 Critical Values of x

644

E.5 Critical Values of F 645

E.6 Lower and Upper Critical Values, T

, of the Wilcoxon

Rank Sum Test 649

E.7 Critical Values of the Studentized Range, Q 650

E.8 Critical Values, d

and d

, of the Durbin–Watson

Statistic, D (Critical Values Are One-Sided) 652

E.9 Control Chart Factors 653

E.10 The Standardized Normal Distribution 654

F. Useful Excel Knowledge 655

F.1 Useful Keyboard Shortcuts 655

F.2 Verifying Formulas and Worksheets 655

F.3 New Function Names 655

F.4 Understanding the Nonstatistical Functions 657

G. Software FAQs 659

G.1 PHStat FAQs 659

G.2 Microsoft Excel FAQs 659

Self-Test Solutions and Answers to

Selected Even-Numbered Problems 661

Index 692

Credits 699

CHAPTER 19 EXCEL GUIDE 19-27

EG19.1 Payoff Tables and Decision Trees 19-27

EG19.2 Criteria for Decision Making 19-27

Appendices 613

A. Basic Math Concepts and Symbols 614

A.1 Rules for Arithmetic Operations 614

A.2 Rules for Algebra: Exponents and Square Roots 614

A.3 Rules for Logarithms 615

A.4 Summation Notation 616

A.5 Statistical Symbols 619

A.6 Greek Alphabet 619

B Important Excel Skills and Concepts 620

B.1 Which Excel Do You Use? 620

B.2 Basic Operations 621

B.3 Formulas and Cell References 621

B.4 Entering a Formula 623

B.5 Formatting Cell Contents 624

B.6 Formatting Charts 625

B.7 Selecting Cell Ranges for Charts 626

B.8 Deleting the “Extra” Histogram Bar 627

B.9 Creating Histograms for Discrete Probability

Distributions 627

C. Online Resources 628

C.1 About the Online Resources for This Book 628

C.2 Accessing the Online Resources 628

C.3 Details of Online Resources 628

C.4 PHStat 635

D. Configuring Microsoft Excel 636

D.1 Getting Microsoft Excel Ready for Use 636

D.2 Checking for the Presence of the Analysis ToolPak or

Solver Add-Ins 636

A01_LEVI3054_08_SE_FM.indd 16 29/12/15 1:05 AM

xvii

Preface

s business statistics evolves and becomes an increasingly important part of one’s busi-

ness education, how business statistics gets taught and what gets taught becomes all the

more important.

We, the coauthors, think about these issues as we seek ways to continuously improve the

teaching of business statistics. We actively participate in Decision Sciences Institute (DSI),

American Statistical Association (ASA), and Making Statistics More Effective in Schools

and Business (MSMESB) conferences. We use the ASA’s Guidelines for Assessment and

Instruction (GAISE) reports and combine them with our experiences teaching business sta-

tistics to a diverse student body at several universities. We also benefit from the interests and

efforts of our past coauthors, Mark Berenson and Timothy Krehbiel.

Our Educational Philosophy

When writing for introductory business statistics students, five principles guide us.

Help students see the relevance of statistics to their own careers by using examples

from the functional areas that may become their areas of specialization. Students

need to learn statistics in the context of the functional areas of business. We present each

statistics topic in the context of areas such as accounting, finance, management, and

marketing and explain the application of specific methods to business activities.

Emphasize interpretation and analysis of statistical results over calculation. We

emphasize the interpretation of results, the evaluation of the assumptions, and the dis-

cussion of what should be done if the assumptions are violated. We believe that these

activities are more important to students’ futures and will serve them better than focusing

on tedious manual calculations.

Give students ample practice in understanding how to apply statistics to business. We

believe that both classroom examples and homework exercises should involve actual or

realistic data, using small and large sets of data, to the extent possible.

Familiarize students with the use of data analysis software. We integrate using

Microsoft Excel into all statistics topics to illustrate how software can assist the business

decision making process. (Using software in this way also supports our second point

about emphasizing interpretation over calculation).

Provide clear instructions to students that facilitate their use of data analysis software.

We believe that providing such instructions assists learning and minimizes the chance that

the software will distract from the learning of statistical concepts.

What’s New and Innovative in This Edition?

This eighth edition of Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel contains these new and

innovative features.

First Things First Chapter This new chapter provides an orientation that helps students

start to understand the importance of business statistics and get ready to use Microsoft

Excel even before they obtain a full copy of this book. Like its predecessor “Getting Started:

Important Things to Learn First,” this chapter has been developed and published to allow

A01_LEVI3054_08_SE_FM.indd 17 12/22/15 4:25 PM

xviii PREFACE

distribution online even before a first class meeting. Instructors teaching online or hybrid

course sections may find this to be a particularly valuable tool to get students thinking about

business statistics and learning the necessary foundational concepts.

Getting Ready to Analyze Data in the Future This newly expanded version of Chapter

17 adds a second Using Statistics scenario that serves as an introduction to business

analytics methods. That introduction, in turn, explains several advanced Excel features

while familiarizing students with the fundamental concepts and vocabulary of business

analytics. As such, the chapter provides students with a path for further growth and

greater awareness about applying business statistics and analytics in their other courses

and their business careers.

Expanded Excel Coverage Workbook instructions replace the In-Depth Excel instruc-

tions in the Excel Guides and discuss more fully OS X Excel (“Excel for Mac”) dif-

ferences when they occur. Because the many current versions of Excel have varying

capabilities, Appendix B begins by sorting through the possible confusion to ensure that

students understand that not all Excel versions are alike.

In the Worksheet Notes that help explain the worksheet illustrations that in-chapter

examples use as model solutions.

Many More Exhibits Stand-alone summaries of important procedures that serve as a

review of chapter passages. Exhibits range from identifying best practices, such “Best

Practices for Creating Visualizations” in Chapter 2, to serving as guides to data analysis

such as the pair of “Questions to Ask” exhibits in Chapter 17.

New Visual Design This edition uses a new visual design that better organizes chapter

content and provides a more uncluttered, streamlined presentation.

Revised and Enhanced Content

This eighth edition of Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel contains the following

revised and enhanced content.

Revised End-of-Chapter Cases The Managing Ashland MultiComm Services case that

reoccurs throughout the book has several new or updated cases. The Clear Mountain

State Student Survey case, also recurring, uses new data collected from a survey of

undergraduate students to practice and reinforce statistical methods learned in various

chapters.

Many New Applied Examples and Problems Many of the applied examples through-

out this book use new problems or revised data. Approximately 43% of the problems are

new to this edition. Many of the new problems in the end-of-section and end-of-chapter

problem sets contain data from The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and other news

media as well as from industry and marketing surveys from leading consultancies and

market intelligence firms.

New or Revised Using Statistics Scenarios This edition contains six all-new and three

revised Using Statistics scenarios. Several of the scenarios form a larger narrative when

considered together even as they can all be used separately and singularly.

New “Getting Started Learning Statistics” and “Preparing to Use Microsoft Excel

for Statistics” sections Included as part of the First Things First chapter, these new

sections replace the “Making Best Use” section of the previous editions. The sections

prepare students for learning with this book by discussing foundational statistics and

Excel concepts together and explain the various ways students can work with Excel

while learning business statistics with this book.

Revised Excel Appendices These appendices review the foundational skills for using

Microsoft Excel, review the latest technical and relevant setup information, and discuss

optional but useful knowledge about Excel.

A01_LEVI3054_08_SE_FM.indd 18 12/22/15 4:25 PM

PREFACE xix

Software FAQ Appendix This appendix provides answers to commonly-asked ques-

tions about PHStat and using Microsoft Excel and related software with this book.

Distinctive Features

This eighth edition of Statistics for Managers Using Microsoft Excel continues the use of the

following distinctive features.

Using Statistics Business Scenarios Each chapter begins with a Using Statistics scenario,

an example that highlights how statistics is used in a functional area of business such as

finance, information systems, management, and marketing. Every chapter uses its scenario

throughout to provide an applied context for learning concepts. Most chapters conclude

with a Using Statistics, Revisited section that reinforces the statistical methods and applica-

tions that a chapter discusses.

Emphasis on Data Analysis and Interpretation of Excel Results Our focus emphasizes

analyzing data by interpreting results while reducing emphasis on doing calculations. For

example, in the coverage of tables and charts in Chapter 2, we help students interpret vari-

ous charts and explain when to use each chart discussed. Our coverage of hypothesis testing

in Chapters 9 through 12 and regression and multiple regression in Chapters 13–15 include

extensive software results so that the p-value approach can be emphasized.

Student Tips In-margin notes that reinforce hard-to-master concepts and provide quick

study tips for mastering important details.

Other Pedagogical Aids We use an active writing style, boxed numbered equations, set-off

examples that reinforce learning concepts, problems divided into “Learning the Basics” and

“Applying the Concepts,” key equations, and key terms.

Digital Cases These cases ask students to examine interactive PDF documents to sift

through various claims and information and discover the data most relevant to a business

case scenario. In doing so, students determine whether the data support the conclusions and

claims made by the characters in the case as well as learn how to identify common mis-

uses of statistical information. (Instructional tips for these cases and solutions to the Digital

Cases are included in the Instructor’s Solutions Manual.)

Answers A special section at the end of this book provides answers to most of the even-num-

bered exercises of this book.

Flexibility Using Excel For almost every statistical method discussed, students can use

Excel Guide model workbook solutions with the Workbook instructions or the PHStat

instructions to produce the worksheet solutions that the book discusses and presents.

And, whenever possible, the book provides Analysis ToolPak instructions to create similar

solutions.

Extensive Support for Using Excel For readers using the Workbook instructions, this

book explains operational differences among current Excel versions and provides alternate

instructions when necessary.

PHStat PHStat is the Pearson Education Statistics add-in that makes operating Excel as

distraction-free as possible. PHStat executes for you the low-level menu selection and

worksheet entry tasks that are associated with Excel-based solutions. Students studying

statistics can focus solely on mastering statistical concepts and not worry about having to

become expert Excel users simultaneously.

PHStat creates the “live,” dynamic worksheets and chart sheets that match chapter

illustrations and from which students can learn more about Excel. PHStat includes over 60

procedures including:

Descriptive Statistics: boxplot, descriptive summary, dot scale diagram, frequency dis-

tribution, histogram and polygons, Pareto diagram, scatter plot, stem-and-leaf display,

one-way tables and charts, and two-way tables and charts

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