Netty实战：第10版MEAP版详解

Netty

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《Netty in Action》第10版MEAP（Manning Early Access Program）是一本专为Java后台服务器开发提供深入指南的书籍。这本书由Manning Publications于2014年发行，旨在帮助读者理解和掌握Netty框架，一个广泛应用于高性能、异步网络通信领域的工具。Netty以其事件驱动和非阻塞I/O模型为核心，适合处理大量并发连接和数据传输。该书分为四个部分： 1. **入门** (PART1) - 开篇介绍了Netty的基本概念，包括它是如何作为异步和事件驱动架构的基础的。 - 第一章"Netty - 异步与事件驱动"详细解释了异步编程模型的优势，以及为何选择Netty来构建高效服务器。 - "你的第一个Netty应用"引导读者编写简单的Netty应用程序，以便快速上手。 - "Netty概述"部分提供了Netty框架的整体结构和工作原理。 2. **核心功能与组件** (PART2) - 进入核心，探讨了Netty的主要组成部分：传输层（Transports）、缓冲区（Buffers）、ChannelHandler和ChannelPipeline，这些都是构建复杂网络服务的基础。 - "Codec Framework"讲解了编码器（Encoders）和解码器（Decoders），它们用于处理数据在不同协议之间的转换。 - "提供的ChannelHandlers和Codecs"列出了预置的处理器和编解码器，便于开发者根据需求快速集成。 - "Bootstrapping"章节介绍如何初始化和配置Netty服务，确保正确连接到网络并开始接收和发送数据。 3. **实战示例** (PART3) - "单元测试"部分讨论如何对Netty代码进行有效测试，确保其质量和可靠性。 - "WebSocket"章节深入研究WebSocket支持，这是现代Web开发中的关键协议。 - "SPDY"介绍Google提出的高性能网络传输协议，以及如何在Netty中实现。 - "通过UDP广播事件"展示了如何利用Netty处理多播通信。 4. **高级主题** (PART4) - "自定义编码器和解码器"指导读者如何扩展Netty，以适应特殊的数据格式或协议。 - "事件循环与线程模型"深入解析Netty如何组织和管理事件处理的并发性。 - "案例研究"部分通过实际项目的分析，如Droplr、Firebase和UrbanAirship，展示Netty在生产环境中的应用。 - "案例研究续集"涵盖Facebook和Twitter等大厂的实践，提供更高级的应用场景和最佳实践。最后，附录A介绍了社区参与的方式，B和C列出了相关的书籍和项目资源，方便读者进一步探索和学习。总体来说，《Netty in Action》第10版MEAP是一本实用且全面的指南，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发人员，都能从中获得宝贵的知识和技巧。

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Your First Netty Application

2.1 Setting up the development environment ......................................................... 14

2.2 Netty client / server overview .......................................................................... 15

2.3 Writing the echo server .................................................................................. 16

2.3.1 Implementing the server logic with ChannelHandlers .................................... 17

2.3.2 Bootstrapping the server ........................................................................... 18

2.4 Writing an echo client ..................................................................................... 21

2.4.1 Implementing the client logic with ChannelHandlers ..................................... 21

2.4.2 Bootstrapping the client ............................................................................ 22

2.5 Building and running the Echo Server and Client ................................................ 24

2.5.1 Building the example ................................................................................ 24

2.5.2 Running the Echo Server and Client ............................................................ 26

2.6 Summary ..................................................................................................... 28

©Manning Publications Co. We welcome reader comments about anything in the manuscript - other than typos and

other simple mistakes. These will be cleaned up during production of the book by copyeditors and proofreaders.

https://forums.manning.com/forums/netty-in-action

In this chapter we'll make certain you have a working development environment and test it

out by building a simple client and server. Although we won't start studying the Netty

framework in detail until the next chapter, here we will take a closer look at an important

aspect of the API that we touched on in the introduction; namely, implementing application

logic with ChannelHandlers.

By the end of the chapter you will have gained some hands-on experience with Netty and

should feel comfortable working with the examples in the book.

2.1 Setting up the development environment

If you already have a working development environment with Maven then you might want to

just skim this section.

If you only want to compile and run the book's examples the only tools you really need are

the Java Development Kit (JDK) and Apache Maven, both freely available for download.

But we'll assume that you are going to want to tinker with the example code and pretty

soon start writing some of your own. So although you can get by with just a plain text editor,

we recommend that if you aren't already using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

for Java, you obtain and install one as described below.

1. Obtain and install the Java Development Kit.

Your operating system may already have a JDK installed. To find out, type "javac -

version" on the command line. If you get back something like "javac 1.6..." or

"javac 1.7..." you're all set and can skip this step.

Otherwise, get version 6 or later of the Java Development Kit (JDK) from

java.com/en/download/manual.jsp (not the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which

can run Java applications but not compile them). There is a straightforward installer

executable for each platform. Should you need installation instructions you'll find them

on the same site.

It's a good idea to set the environment variable JAVA_HOME to point to the location of

your JDK installation. On Windows, the default will be something like "C:\Program

Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_55". It's also a good idea to add "%JAVA_HOME%\bin" (on Linux

"$JAVA_HOME/bin") to your execution path.

2. Download and install an IDE.

These are the most widely used Java IDE's, all freely available. All of them have full

support for our build tool, Apache Maven.

o Eclipse: www.eclipse.org

o NetBeans: www.netbeans.org

o Intellij Idea Community Edition: www.jetbrains.com

NetBeans and Intellij are distributed as installer executables. Eclipse is usually distrib-

uted as a zip archive, although there are a number of customized versions that have

self-installers.

©Manning Publications Co. We welcome reader comments about anything in the manuscript - other than typos and

other simple mistakes. These will be cleaned up during production of the book by copyeditors and proofreaders.

https://forums.manning.com/forums/netty-in-action

3. Download and install Apache Maven.

Maven is a widely used build management tool developed by the Apache Software

Foundation. The Netty project uses it, as do this book's examples. You don't need to be

a Maven expert just to build and run the examples, but if you want to expand on them

we recommend reading the Maven Introduction in Appendix A.

Do you need to install Maven?

Both Eclipse and NetBeans come with an embedded Maven installation which will work fine

for our purposes out of the box. If you will be working in an environment that has its own

Maven repository, your administrator probably has an installation package preconfigured to

work with it.

At the time of this books publication, the latest Maven version was 3.2.1. You can

download the appropriate tar.gz or zip file for your system from http://ma-

ven.apache.org/download.cgi. Installation is simple: just extract the contents of the

archive to any folder of your choice (We'll call this "<install_dir>".) This will create

the directory <install_dir>/apache-maven-3.2.1.

After you have unpacked the Apache Maven archive, you may want to add <install-

dir>/apache-maven-3.2.1/bin to your execution path so you can run Maven by

executing "mvn" (or "mvn.bat") on the command line.

You should also set the environment variable M2_HOME to point to <in-

stall_dir>/apache-maven-3.2.1.

4. Configure the Toolset

If you have set the JAVA_HOME and M2_HOME system variables as suggested, you may

find that when you start your IDE it has already discovered the locations of your Java

and Maven installations. If you need to perform manual configuration, all the IDE

versions we have mentioned have menu items for setting up Maven under "Pref-

erences" or "Settings". Please consult the documentation of the IDE for details.

This should complete the setup of your development environment. Next well explain how

Maven is used to build the examples, then well try it out.

2.2 Netty client / server overview

In this section we'll build a complete Netty client and server. Although you may be focused on

writing Web-based services where the client is a browser, youll gain a more complete

understanding of the Netty API by implementing both the client and server.

Figure 2.1 presents a high-level view of the echo client and server.

©Manning Publications Co. We welcome reader comments about anything in the manuscript - other than typos and

other simple mistakes. These will be cleaned up during production of the book by copyeditors and proofreaders.

https://forums.manning.com/forums/netty-in-action

connection requests.

In the next sections we'll examine the logic and bootstrap code for the Echo Server.

2.3.1 Implementing the server logic with ChannelHandlers

In the first chapter we introduced futures and callbacks and illustrated their use in an event-

driven design model. We also discussed interface ChannelHandler, whose implementations

receive event notifications and react accordingly. This core abstraction represents the

container for our business logic.

The Echo Server will react to an incoming message by returning a copy to the sender.

Therefore, we will need to provide an implementation of interface ChannelInboundHandler,

which defines methods for acting on inbound events. Our simple application will require only a

few of these methods, so subclassing the concrete class ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter

class should work well. This class provides a default implementation for

ChannelInboundHandler, so we need only override the methods that interest us,

namely

 channelRead() - called for each incoming message

 channelReadComplete() - called to notify the handler that the last call made to

channelRead() was the last message in the current batch

 exceptionCaught()- called if an exception is thrown during the read

operation

The class we provide is EchoServerHandler, as shown in Listing 2.2.

Listing 2.2 EchoServerHandler

@Sharable //1

public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

@Override

public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {

ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;

System.out.println(

"Server received: " + in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8)); //2

ctx.write(in); //3

}

@Override

public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {

ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER) //4

.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

}

@Override

public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,

Throwable cause) {

cause.printStacktrace(); //5

ctx.close(); //6

}

1. The annotation @Sharable marks this class as one whose instances can be shared among channels.

other simple mistakes. These will be cleaned up during production of the book by copyeditors and proofreaders.

https://forums.manning.com/forums/netty-in-action

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Netty实战：第10版MEAP版详解

Netty_in_Action_v10_MEAP

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io.netty.channel.ChannelOption 是属于哪个依赖包

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