掌握lua5.2经典教程：第三版编程指南

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"《lua5.2编程经典：lua程序设计第三版》是一本权威且深入的教程，由巴西PUC-Rio的Roberto Ierusalimschy撰写。该书是针对Lua语言的最新学习资料，特别针对Lua 5.2版本进行了详细讲解。作为英文版书籍，它提供了全面的指导，适合那些想要掌握这门轻量级脚本语言的专业人士。在第三版中，作者以清晰易懂的方式阐述了Lua的基础概念和高级特性，包括其简洁的语法、表（table）数据结构、函数式编程风格以及强大的元编程能力。书中不仅涵盖了基础的变量、控制流、数据类型和错误处理，还深入探讨了模块系统、异步编程和面向对象编程等主题。编程实例贯穿全书，帮助读者通过实践巩固理论知识。此外，本书还包含了丰富的索引，便于查找和复习特定概念。值得注意的是，尽管作者尽其所能确保信息准确无误，但读者在使用书中提供的信息时仍需自行判断，因为书中的内容可能随时间或技术更新有所变化。版权方面，Roberto Ierusalimschy保留所有权利，如果有问题或建议，可以通过roberto@lua.org联系作者。书籍封面设计由Luiza Novaes负责，而Lua徽标则出自Alexandre Nako之手，整体排版则由作者使用LaTeX完成。此外，本书针对Lua作为一种程序设计语言的特性进行了详细讨论，读者可借此了解其在实际项目中的应用。如果你是程序员，尤其是对动态脚本语言有兴趣，这本书无疑是深入理解并掌握Lua 5.2的理想指南。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅。通过阅读《lua5.2编程经典：lua程序设计第三版》，你将有机会探索Lua的世界，并提升自己的编程技能。"

Nmap users tend to think of Lua as the language of the Nmap Scripting Engine;

players of World of Warcraft may regard Lua as a language exclusive to that

game.

Lua is useful also as a stand-alone language, not only for text-processing and

one-shot little programs, but increasingly for medium-to-large projects, too. For

such uses, the main functionality of Lua comes from libraries. The standard

libraries, for instance, offer basic pattern matching and other functions for

string handling. As Lua improves its support for libraries, there has been a

proliferation of external packages. Lua Rocks, a deployment and management

system for Lua modules, currently features more than 150 packages.

Finally, there are those programmers that work on the other side of the

bench, writing applications that use Lua as a C library. Those people will

program more in C than in Lua, although they need a good understanding of

Lua to create interfaces that are simple, easy to use, and well integrated with

the language.

This book has much to offer to all these people. The ﬁrst part covers the

language itself, showing how we can explore all its potential. We focus on

different language constructs and use numerous examples and exercises to show

how to use them for practical tasks. Some chapters in this part cover basic

concepts, such as control structures, while others cover topics more advanced,

such as iterators and coroutines.

The second part is entirely devoted to tables, the sole data structure in Lua.

Its chapters discuss data structures, persistence, packages, and object-oriented

programming. There we will unveil the real power of the language.

The third part presents the standard libraries. This part is particularly

useful for those that use Lua as a stand-alone language, although many other

applications also incorporate all or part of the standard libraries. This part

devotes one chapter to each standard library: the mathematical library, the

bitwise library, the table library, the string library, the I/O library, the operating

system library, and the debug library.

Finally, the last part of the book covers the API between Lua and C, for those

that use C to get the full power of Lua. The ﬂavor of this part is necessarily

quite different from the rest of the book. There, we will be programming in C,

not in Lua; therefore, we will be wearing a different hat. For some readers, the

discussion of the C API may be of marginal interest; for others, it may be the

most relevant part of this book.

About the Third Edition

This book is an updated and expanded version of the second edition of

Program-

ming in Lua

(also known as the

PiL 2 book

). Although the book structure is

virtually the same, this new edition has substantial new material.

First, I have updated the whole book to Lua 5.2. Of particular relevance is the

chapter about environments, which was mostly rewritten. I also rewrote several

examples to show how to beneﬁt from the new features offered by Lua 5.2.

xvi

Preface

Nevertheless, I clearly marked the differences from Lua 5.1, so you can use the

book for that version too.

Second, and more important, I have added exercises to all chapters of the

book. These exercises range from simple questions about the language to full

small-size projects. Several exercises illustrate important aspects of program-

ming in Lua and are as important as the examples to expand your toolbox of

useful techniques.

As we did with the ﬁrst and second editions of

Programming in Lua

, we self-

published this third edition. Despite the limited marketing, this avenue brings

several beneﬁts: we have total control over the book contents; we keep the full

rights to offer the book in other forms; we have freedom to choose when to release

another edition; and we can ensure that the book does not go out of print.

Other Resources

The reference manual is a must for anyone who wants to really learn a language.

This book does not replace the Lua reference manual. Quite the opposite, they

complement each other. The manual only describes Lua. It shows neither

examples nor a rationale for the constructs of the language. On the other hand,

it describes the whole language; this book skips over seldom-used dark corners of

Lua. Moreover, the manual is the authoritative document about Lua. Wherever

this book disagrees with the manual, trust the manual. To get the manual and

more information about Lua, visit the Lua site at

http://www.lua.org

You can also ﬁnd useful information at the Lua users’ site, kept by the

community of users at

http://lua-users.org

. Among other resources, it offers

a tutorial, a list of third-party packages and documentation, and an archive of

the ofﬁcial Lua mailing list.

This book describes Lua 5.2, although most of its contents also apply to

Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.0. The few differences between Lua 5.2 and older Lua 5

versions are clearly marked in the text. If you are using a more recent version

(released after the book), check the corresponding manual for occasional differ-

ences between versions. If you are using a version older than 5.2, this is a good

time to consider an upgrade.

A Few Typographical Conventions

The book encloses “

literal strings

” between double quotes and single charac-

ters, such as ‘

’, between single quotes. Strings that are used as patterns are

also enclosed between single quotes, like ‘

[%w_]*

’. The book uses a typewriter

font both for

chunksofcode

and for

identifiers

. For

reserved words

, it uses

a boldface font. Larger chunks of code are shown in display style:

-- program"Hello World"

print("HelloWorld") -->Hello World

The notation

-->

shows the output of a statement or, occasionally, the result of

an expression:

xvii

print(10) -->10

13+3 -->16

Because a double hyphen (

) starts a comment in Lua, there is no problem

if you include these annotations in your programs. Finally, the book uses the

notation

<-->

to indicate that something is equivalent to something else:

this <--> that

Running the Examples

You will need a Lua interpreter to run the examples in this book. Ideally, you

should use Lua 5.2, but most of the examples run also on Lua 5.1 without

modiﬁcations.

The Lua site (

http://www.lua.org

) keeps the source code for the interpreter.

If you have a C compiler and a working knowledge of how to compile C code

in your machine, you should try to install Lua from its source code; it is really

easy. The

Lua Binaries

site (search for

luabinaries

) offers precompiled Lua

interpreters for most major platforms. If you use Linux or another UNIX-like

system, you may check the repository of your distribution; several distributions

already offer a package with Lua. For Windows, a good option is

Lua for Win-

dows

(search for

luaforwindows

), which is a “batteries-included environment”

for Lua. It includes the interpreter and an integrated text editor, plus many

libraries.

If you are using Lua embedded in an application, such as WoW or Nmap,

you may need to refer to the application manual (or to a “local guru”) to learn

how to run your programs. Nevertheless, Lua is still the same language; most

things that we will see in this book are valid regardless of how you are using

Lua. Nevertheless, I recommend that you start your study of Lua using the

stand-alone interpreter to run your ﬁrst examples and experiments.

Acknowledgments

It is almost ten years since I published the ﬁrst edition of this book. Several

friends and institutions have helped me along this journey.

As always, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo and Waldemar Celes, Lua coauthors,

offered all kinds of help. André Carregal, Asko Kauppi, Brett Kapilik, Diego

Nehab, Edwin Moragas, Fernando Jefferson, Gavin Wraith, John D. Ramsdell,

and Norman Ramsey provided invaluable suggestions and useful insights for

diverse editions of this book.

Luiza Novaes, head of the Arts & Design Department at PUC-Rio, managed

to ﬁnd some time in her busy schedule to create an ideal cover for this edition.

Lightning Source, Inc. proved a reliable and efﬁcient option for printing and

distributing the book. Without them, the option of self-publishing the book

would not be an option.

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