if (cmd_vel.linear.x < vp_min+1500) cmd_vel.linear.x = vp_min+1500; if (mapPathNum <= 0) { //if now the path is empty then v=kv ROS_WARN("---------------NO PATH TO GO"); cmd_vel.linear.x = 115; //cmd_vel.angular.z = anglelast + 0.1; } if (cmd_vel.linear.x > vp_max_base+1500) cmd_vel.linear.x = vp_max_base+1500; if (cmd_vel.angular.z > 135) cmd_vel.angular.z = 135; else if (cmd_vel.angular.z < 45) cmd_vel.angular.z = 45; ROS_INFO("Lfw = %.2f", Lfw); ROS_INFO("eta = %.2f", eta * 180 / PI); ROS_INFO("encoder_v = %.2f", encoder_speed); ROS_INFO("out_speed = %.2f", cmd_vel.linear.x); ROS_INFO("out_angle = %.2f", cmd_vel.angular.z); ROS_INFO("------------------------"); } } }

代码解释：if(pvt_data.vel<0){pvt_data.vel &= 0x00FFFFFF; // cppcheck-suppress unreadVariable pvt_data.vel |= 0x00800000; // cppcheck-suppress unreadVariable} command += pvt_data.time; command <<= 16; command += pvt_data.vel; command <<= 32; command += pvt_data.pos;

1. if(pvt_data.vel<0){：如果 pvt_data.vel 的值小于 0，进入条件判断语句块。 2. pvt_data.vel &= 0x00FFFFFF;：通过按位与操作符 &，将 pvt_data.vel 的值与 0x00FFFFFF 进行按位与操作，将高8位的...

pub_vel = Odometry() pub_vel.header.frame_id = 'odom' pub_vel.child_frame_id = 'base_footprint' pub_vel.header.stamp = rospy.Time.now() pub_vel.twist.twist.linear.x = Vel pub.publish(pub_vel)

这是一个ROS（机器人操作系统...- 第五行代码设置了发布的消息中的线速度（linear velocity）为Vel，Vel是一个变量，表示机器人的线速度。 - 最后一行代码调用了ROS发布者对象的publish()函数，将消息发布到ROS系统中。

def vkaibot_ar_marker_callback(self, data): global is_detected_ar global ar_1 global pick_flag global find_id global count_4 global count_1 global count_3 global count_6 global kk if count_1== 0: msg=data.markers kk=len(msg) print("正在识别!") if kk<=0 and pick_flag==0: print"开始旋转,寻找二维码！" twist = Twist() twist.linear.x = 0; twist.linear.y = 0; twist.linear.z = 0 twist.angular.x = 0; twist.angular.y = 0; twist.angular.z = change_z_max_vel self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(twist) if kk>0: for j in range(0,kk,1): kk1=data.markers[j] find_id=kk1.id if count_6==1: if find_id==1 or find_id==0: break; else : if find_id==12 or find_id==4 or find_id==11: break; if kk1.pose.pose.position.x>pick_safe_y_proper_dis : print"开始接近正中间，往左走......" twist = Twist() twist.linear.x = 0; twist.linear.y = 0; twist.linear.z = 0 twist.angular.x = 0; twist.angular.y = 0; twist.angular.z = change_z_vel self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(twist) if kk1.pose.pose.position.x<(-pick_safe_y_proper_dis): print'开始接近正中间，往右走......' twist = Twist() twist.linear.x = 0; twist.linear.y = 0; twist.linear.z = 0 twist.angular.x = 0; twist.angular.y = 0; twist.angular.z = -change_z_vel self.cmd_vel_pub.publish(twist) if kk1.pose.pose.position.x<=pick_safe_y_proper_dis and kk1.pose.pose.position.x>=(-pick_safe_y_proper_dis): ####制度 if pick_flag ==0:

这是一个Python程序段，用于控制机器人进行二维码识别和移动。程序中设置了一些全局变量和计数器，以及一些判断条件。当条件满足时，程序会执行不同的动作，如旋转寻找二维码、接近二维码并往左或右走等。...

cmd_msg.linear.x = 0; cmd_msg.angular.z = 0; vel_pub.publish(cmd_msg);

其中，cmd_msg.linear.x = 0;表示机器人直线运动的速度为0，cmd_msg.angular.z = 0;表示机器人绕z轴旋转的角速度为0。最后，vel_pub.publish(cmd_msg);将速度控制指令发布到ROS系统中，使得机器人可以根据指令...

if(frame_rx.can_id == 0x31){ geometry_msgs::Twist real_motion; int16_t vel_cms = 0; double vel_ms = 0; int16_t angle_deg_100 = 0; double angle_rad = 0; vel_cms = ((frame_rx.data[1] << 8) & 0xffff) | frame_rx.data[0]; angle_deg_100 = (((frame_rx.data[3] << 8) & 0xffff) | frame_rx.data[2]); vel_ms = (double)vel_cms / param_vc; angle_rad = (double)angle_deg_100 / 100.0 * (M_PI / 180.0); real_motion.linear.x = vel_ms; real_motion.angular.z = angle_rad; motion_pub.publish(real_motion); }

实际运动的速度cms = ((frame_rx.data[1] << 8) | frame_rx.data[0]) / 100，速度ms = vel_cms / 100，角度deg_100 = ((frame_rx.data[3] << 8) | frame_rx.data[2]) / 100，角度rad = angle_deg_100 * 0.01。

#include <ros/ros.h> #include <turtlesim/Pose.h> #include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h> #include <std_srvs/Empty.h> #include <cmath> ros::Publisher twist_pub; void poseCallback(const turtlesim::Pose& pose) { static bool is_forward = true; static int count = 0; static float x_start = pose.x; static float y_start = pose.y; static float theta_start = pose.theta; // Calculate distance from starting points float dist = std::sqrt(std::pow(pose.x - x_start, 2) + std::pow(pose.y - y_start, 2)); geometry_msgs::Twist twist_msg; twist_msg.linear.x = 1.0; twist_msg.linear.y = 0.0; twist_msg.linear.z = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.x = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.y = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.z = 0.0; // Check if turtle has reached distance of 2. If so, stop and shutdown the node. if (pose.x - x_start1) { twist_msg.linear.x = 0.0; twist_msg.linear.y = 1.0; twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command if(pose.y - y_start>=2.0){ twist_msg.linear.x = -1.0; twist_msg.linear.y = 0.0; twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command if(dist<=2.0){ twist_msg.linear.x = 0.0; twist_msg.linear.y = -1.0; twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command ROS_INFO("Stop and Completed!"); twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command ros::shutdown(); } } } twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command } int main(int argc, char** argv) { ros::init(argc, argv, "lab1_node"); ros::NodeHandle nh; twist_pub = nh.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("turtle1/cmd_vel", 1); ros::Subscriber pose_sub = nh.subscribe("turtle1/pose", 1, poseCallback); // reset the turtlesim when this node starts ros::ServiceClient reset = nh.serviceClient<std_srvs::Empty>("reset"); std_srvs::Empty empty; reset.call(empty); ros::spin(); // Keep node running until ros::shutdown() return 0; } 这段代码为什么不能实现乌龟沿完整矩形轨迹运动？并给出修改后的代码

twist_pub = nh.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("turtle1/cmd_vel", 1); ros::Subscriber pose_sub = nh.subscribe("turtle1/pose", 1, poseCallback); // reset the turtlesim when this node starts ros::...

#include <ros/ros.h> #include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h> #include <math.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { ros::init(argc, argv, "turtle_triangle"); ros::NodeHandle node; // 创建一个发布器，用于发布速度消息 ros::Publisher pub = node.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 1000); // 设置循环频率，每秒10次 ros::Rate rate(10); // 初始化速度消息 geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg; vel_msg.linear.x = 0; vel_msg.linear.y = 0; vel_msg.linear.z = 0; vel_msg.angular.x = 0; vel_msg.angular.y = 0; vel_msg.angular.z = 0; // 设定三角形边长和角度 double side_length = 1.0; double angle = M_PI / 3.0; // 循环绘制三角形 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // 线速度为正，角速度为0，直行一段距离 vel_msg.linear.x = side_length; pub.publish(vel_msg); double t0 = ros::Time::now().toSec(); double current_distance = 0.0; while (current_distance < side_length) { pub.publish(vel_msg); double t1 = ros::Time::now().toSec(); current_distance = vel_msg.linear.x * (t1 - t0); } // 线速度为0，角速度为正，原地旋转一定角度 vel_msg.linear.x = 0; vel_msg.angular.z = angle; pub.publish(vel_msg); double t2 = ros::Time::now().toSec(); double current_angle = 0.0; while (current_angle < angle) { pub.publish(vel_msg); double t3 = ros::Time::now().toSec(); current_angle = vel_msg.angular.z * (t3 - t2); } // 重置角速度 vel_msg.angular.z = 0; } return 0; }改成循环运行三次

ros::Publisher pub = node.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 1000); // 设置循环频率，每秒10次 ros::Rate rate(10); // 初始化速度消息 geometry_msgs::Twist vel_msg; vel_msg....

if first_number == 1: # 发布cmdvel形式的消息 pub = rospy.Publisher('/cmd_vel', Twist, queue_size=10) twist_msg = Twist() twist_msg.linear.x = 0.0 twist_msg.linear.y = 0.0 pub.publish(twist_msg) numbers_list.append(first_number) numbers_list = correct_numbers(numbers_list)

这段代码是用 Python 编写的，它首先判断 first_number 是否等于 1，如果是，则会发布一个名为 /cmd_vel 的消息，该消息类型为 Twist，队列大小为 10。然后，它创建了一个 Twist 类型的消息对象 twist_msg...

#include "ros/ros.h" #include<geometry_msgs/Twist.h> //运动速度结构体类型 geometry_msgs::Twist的定义文件 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { ros::init(argc, argv, "vel_ctrl"); //对该节点进行初始化操作 ros::NodeHandle n; //申明一个NodeHandle对象n，并用n生成一个广播对象vel_pub ros::Publisher vel_pub = n.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 10); //vel_pub会在主题"/cmd_vel"(机器人速度控制主题)里广播geometry_msgs::Twist类型的数据 ROS_INFO("draw_circle start...");//输出显示信息 while(ros::ok()) { geometry_msgs::Twist vel_cmd; //声明一个geometry_msgs::Twist 类型的对象vel_cmd，并将速度的值赋值到这个对象里面 vel_cmd.linear.x = 2.0;//前后（+-） m/s vel_cmd.linear.y = 0.0; //左右（+-） m/s vel_cmd.linear.z = 0.0; vel_cmd.angular.x = 0; vel_cmd.angular.y = 0; vel_cmd.angular.z = 1.8; //机器人的自转速度，+左转，-右转，单位是rad/s vel_pub.publish(vel_cmd); //赋值完毕后，发送到主题"/cmd_vel"。机器人的核心节点会从这个主题接受发送过去的速度值，并转发到硬件体上去执行 ros::spinOnce();//调用此函数给其他回调函数得以执行(比例程未使用回调函数) } return 0; }改为画一朵花

vel_cmd.linear.x = 2.0; vel_cmd.linear.y = 0.0; vel_cmd.linear.z = 0.0; // 画花的代码 for(int i = 0; i < 24; i++) { vel_cmd.angular.z = 0.75; vel_pub.publish(vel_cmd); ros::Duration(0.2)....

给下列程序添加注释： void DWAPlannerROS::reconfigureCB(DWAPlannerConfig &config, uint32_t level) { if (setup_ && config.restore_defaults) { config = default_config_; config.restore_defaults = false; } if ( ! setup_) { default_config_ = config; setup_ = true; } // update generic local planner params base_local_planner::LocalPlannerLimits limits; limits.max_vel_trans = config.max_vel_trans; limits.min_vel_trans = config.min_vel_trans; limits.max_vel_x = config.max_vel_x; limits.min_vel_x = config.min_vel_x; limits.max_vel_y = config.max_vel_y; limits.min_vel_y = config.min_vel_y; limits.max_vel_theta = config.max_vel_theta; limits.min_vel_theta = config.min_vel_theta; limits.acc_lim_x = config.acc_lim_x; limits.acc_lim_y = config.acc_lim_y; limits.acc_lim_theta = config.acc_lim_theta; limits.acc_lim_trans = config.acc_lim_trans; limits.xy_goal_tolerance = config.xy_goal_tolerance; limits.yaw_goal_tolerance = config.yaw_goal_tolerance; limits.prune_plan = config.prune_plan; limits.trans_stopped_vel = config.trans_stopped_vel; limits.theta_stopped_vel = config.theta_stopped_vel; planner_util_.reconfigureCB(limits, config.restore_defaults); // update dwa specific configuration dp_->reconfigure(config); }

limits.min_vel_x = config.min_vel_x; limits.max_vel_y = config.max_vel_y; limits.min_vel_y = config.min_vel_y; limits.max_vel_theta = config.max_vel_theta; limits.min_vel_theta = config.min_vel_...

//计算里程计四元数 tf2::Quaternion odom_quat; odom_quat.setRPY(0,0,pos_data_.angular_z); //获取数据 odom_msgs_.header.stamp = ros::Time::now(); odom_msgs_.header.frame_id = odom_frame_; odom_msgs_.child_frame_id = base_frame_; odom_msgs_.pose.pose.position.x = pos_data_.pos_x; odom_msgs_.pose.pose.position.y = pos_data_.pos_y; odom_msgs_.pose.pose.position.z = 0; //高度为0 odom_msgs_.pose.pose.orientation.x = odom_quat.getX(); odom_msgs_.pose.pose.orientation.y = odom_quat.getY(); odom_msgs_.pose.pose.orientation.z = odom_quat.getZ(); odom_msgs_.pose.pose.orientation.w = odom_quat.getW(); odom_msgs_.twist.twist.linear.x = vel_data_.linear_x; odom_msgs_.twist.twist.linear.y = vel_data_.linear_y; odom_msgs_.twist.twist.angular.z = vel_data_.angular_z;

vel_data_ 表示机器人的速度信息，其中 linear_x 和 linear_y 分别表示机器人在 X 和 Y 方向上的线速度，angular_z 表示机器人绕 Z 轴的角速度。最后，将里程计信息存储到 odom 消息中，并发布到 ROS 系统中，以供...

#include "ros/ros.h" #include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h> int main(int argc, char argv[]) { double PI = 3.141592653589793653589793; ros::init(argc, argv, "heart_shape"); ros::NodeHandle n; ros::Publisher vel_pub = n.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("/turtle1/cmd_vel", 10); geometry_msgs::Twist vel_cmd; ros::Rate loopRate(2); int count = 0; int i = 0; while (ros::ok()) { geometry_msgs::Twist msg; msg.linear.x = 1; msg.angular.z = 1; i++; if (i ==9 ) { msg.linear.x = 0; msg.angular.z = 2PI; } if (i == 16) { ; msg.linear.x = 1.0; msg.angular.z = 2; } if (i >= 17) { ; msg.linear.x = 1; msg.angular.z = 0; i++; if (i >= 27) { msg.linear.x = 0.15; msg.linear.y = 1; i++; if (i >= 43) { msg.linear.x = 0; msg.linear.y = 0; } } } vel_pub.publish(msg); ROS_INFO_STREAM("Sending random velocity command: " << "linear = " << msg.linear.x << " angular = " << msg.angular.z); loopRate.sleep(); } return 0; }修改为循环画无限符号

geometry_msgs::Twist vel_cmd; ros::Rate loopRate(2); int count = 0; int i = 0; while (ros::ok()) { geometry_msgs::Twist msg; msg.linear.x = 1; msg.angular.z = 1; i++; if (i == 9) { msg...

ouble L1Controller::getSteeringAngle(double eta) { //纯追踪算舵机打角 double steeringAnge = atan2((L * sin(eta)), ((Lfw / 2) + lfw * cos(eta))) * (180.0 / PI); // ROS_INFO("Steering Angle = %.2f", steeringAnge); return steeringAnge; } void L1Controller::goalReachingCB(const ros::TimerEvent &) { //小车到达目标点后 if (goal_received) { double car2goal_dist = getCar2GoalDist(); if (car2goal_dist < goalRadius) { goal_reached = true; goal_received = false; cmd_vel.linear.x = 0.0; cmd_vel.angular.z = 0.0; pub_.publish(cmd_vel); ROS_INFO("Goal Reached !!!!!!!"); } } }

这段代码中含有两个函数。第一个函数 getSteeringAngle 是 L1 控制器中的一个函数，用于计算车辆的舵机打角。函数接收一个参数 eta，它表示车辆当前位置与目标点的连线与正前方之间的夹角。...

#include <ros/ros.h> #include <turtlesim/Pose.h> #include <geometry_msgs/Twist.h> #include <std_srvs/Empty.h> #include <cmath> ros::Publisher twist_pub; void poseCallback(const turtlesim::Pose& pose) { static bool is_forward = true; static int count = 0; static float x_start = pose.x; static float y_start = pose.y; static float theta_start = pose.theta; // Calculate distance from starting points float dist = std::sqrt(std::pow(pose.x - x_start, 2) + std::pow(pose.y - y_start, 2)); geometry_msgs::Twist twist_msg; twist_msg.linear.x = 1.0; twist_msg.linear.y = 0.0; twist_msg.linear.z = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.x = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.y = 0.0; twist_msg.angular.z = 0.0; // Check if turtle has reached distance of 2. If so, stop and shutdown the node. if (dist >= 2.0) { twist_msg.linear.x = 0.0; ROS_INFO("Stop and Completed!"); twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command ros::shutdown(); return; } twist_pub.publish(twist_msg); // Publish command } int main(int argc, char** argv) { ros::init(argc, argv, "lab1_node"); ros::NodeHandle nh; twist_pub = nh.advertise<geometry_msgs::Twist>("turtle1/cmd_vel", 1); ros::Subscriber pose_sub = nh.subscribe("turtle1/pose", 1, poseCallback); // reset the turtlesim when this node starts ros::ServiceClient reset = nh.serviceClient<std_srvs::Empty>("reset"); std_srvs::Empty empty; reset.call(empty); ros::spin(); // Keep node running until ros::shutdown() return 0; }请问该程序如何修改可使得乌龟按照正方形轨迹运行

要使乌龟按照正方形轨迹运行，你需要对代码进行修改。以下是修改的建议： 1. 在poseCallback函数中，添加一个...请记得在发布命令之前将twist_msg.linear.y和twist_msg.linear.z设置为0.0，以确保乌龟只沿着x轴移动。

多机支持：为bringup.launch添加namespace详解

<node name="arduino_serial_node" pkg="rosserial_python" type="serial_node.py" output="screen" ns="wei"> 这样，节点将会运行在 wei/arduino_serial_node 的命名空间下，相应的话题也会变成 wei/raw_imu...

cmd_vel.linear.x = 0.0; cmd_vel.angular.z = 0.0;

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代码解释：if(pvt_data.vel<0){pvt_data.vel &= 0x00FFFFFF; // cppcheck-suppress unreadVariable pvt_data.vel |= 0x00800000; // cppcheck-suppress unreadVariable} command += pvt_data.time; command <<= 16; command += pvt_data.vel; command <<= 32; command += pvt_data.pos;

pub_vel = Odometry() pub_vel.header.frame_id = 'odom' pub_vel.child_frame_id = 'base_footprint' pub_vel.header.stamp = rospy.Time.now() pub_vel.twist.twist.linear.x = Vel pub.publish(pub_vel)

cmd_msg.linear.x = 0; cmd_msg.angular.z = 0; vel_pub.publish(cmd_msg);

if first_number == 1: # 发布cmdvel形式的消息 pub = rospy.Publisher('/cmd_vel', Twist, queue_size=10) twist_msg = Twist() twist_msg.linear.x = 0.0 twist_msg.linear.y = 0.0 pub.publish(twist_msg) numbers_list.append(first_number) numbers_list = correct_numbers(numbers_list)

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