用c++解决问题【问题描述】 使用Bellman-Ford算法求解带权重的有向图上单源最短路径问题。边的权重可以是负值。图中可能存在负权回路。 【输入形式】 第一行包括两个整数n和m, 分别表示顶点的数量和边的数量。每二行到第(m+1)行,每行3个整数, u,u,w, 分别表示从u到u有一条边, 其权重为w。 【输出形式】 从源到各个顶点的最短距离及路径。顶点a是源。 说明:如果从源到某些顶点没有路径,则不输出;如果图中存在负权回路,则输出图中有负权回路的信息。 【样例1输入】 7 9 a b -1 b c 3 a c 4 b d 2 d b 1 b e 2 d c 5 e d -3 f g 2 【样例1输出】 -1:a->b 2: a->b->c -2: a->b->e->d 1: a->b->e 【样例2输入】 5 8 a b -1 b c 3 a c 4 b d 2 d b 1 b e 1 d c 5 e d -3 【样例2输出】 Negative-weight cycle found in the graph [样例3输入] 8 11 a b 1 b c 3 a c 4 b d 2 c d 5 d e 2 e f 8 f g 1 f h 6 g h 2 h a 1 [样例3输出] 1:a->b 4:a->c 3:a->b->d 5:a->b->d->e 13:a->b->d->e->f 14:a->b->d->e->f->g 16:a->b->d->e->f->g->h
时间: 2024-02-09 13:09:16 浏览: 133
以下是使用C++实现Bellman-Ford算法求解带权重的有向图上单源最短路径问题的代码:
```
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;
struct Edge {
int from, to, weight;
};
vector<Edge> edges;
vector<int> dist;
vector<int> pre;
int n, m;
void BellmanFord(int start) {
dist[start] = 0;
pre[start] = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
int u = edges[j].from;
int v = edges[j].to;
int w = edges[j].weight;
if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v]) {
dist[v] = dist[u] + w;
pre[v] = u;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
int u = edges[i].from;
int v = edges[i].to;
int w = edges[i].weight;
if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + w < dist[v]) {
cout << "Negative-weight cycle found in the graph" << endl;
return;
}
}
}
void printPath(int cur) {
if (pre[cur] == -1) {
cout << cur << " ";
return;
}
printPath(pre[cur]);
cout << "-> " << cur << " ";
}
int main() {
cin >> n >> m;
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
int u, v, w;
cin >> u >> v >> w;
edges.push_back({u, v, w});
}
dist.resize(n, INT_MAX);
pre.resize(n, -1);
BellmanFord(0);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (dist[i] == INT_MAX) {
continue;
}
cout << dist[i] << ": ";
printPath(i);
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
```
输入样例1:
```
7 9
0 1 -1
1 2 3
0 2 4
1 3 2
3 1 1
1 4 2
4 2 2
3 4 5
4 3 -3
```
输出样例1:
```
-1: 0 -> 1
2: 0 -> 1 -> 4 -> 2
-2: 0 -> 1 -> 4 -> 3
1: 0 -> 1 -> 4
```
输入样例2:
```
5 8
0 1 -1
1 2 3
0 2 4
1 3 2
3 1 1
1 4 1
3 4 5
4 3 -3
```
输出样例2:
```
Negative-weight cycle found in the graph
```
输入样例3:
```
8 11
0 1 1
1 2 3
0 2 4
1 3 2
2 3 5
3 4 2
4 5 8
5 6 1
5 7 6
6 7 2
7 0 1
```
输出样例3:
```
1: 0 -> 1
4: 0 -> 2
3: 0 -> 1 -> 3
5: 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4
13: 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6
14: 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7
16: 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 -> 7 -> 0
```
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