stm32dma串口接收数据
时间: 2023-06-19 17:06:48 浏览: 142
在STM32上使用DMA进行串口数据接收可以大大减轻CPU的负担,提高系统的稳定性和可靠性。以下是一个简单的实现步骤:
1. 使能DMA和串口接收中断
首先,需要在初始化代码中使能DMA和串口接收中断。以USART1和DMA1为例:
```c
// 使能USART1和DMA1的时钟
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);
// 初始化USART1和DMA1
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
// 配置USART1
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
// 使能USART1接收中断
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
// 配置DMA1
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = (uint32_t)&(USART1->DR);
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)rxBuffer;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = RX_BUFFER_SIZE;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel5, &DMA_InitStructure);
// 使能DMA1
DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5, ENABLE);
```
2. 编写串口接收中断处理函数
当USART1接收到数据时,会触发USART1的接收中断。需要在中断处理函数中将接收到的数据存入循环缓冲区中。这里使用了一个循环缓冲区rxBuffer和两个指针readIndex和writeIndex来实现。
```c
uint8_t rxBuffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE];
volatile uint16_t readIndex = 0;
volatile uint16_t writeIndex = 0;
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
{
USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
rxBuffer[writeIndex] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
writeIndex = (writeIndex + 1) % RX_BUFFER_SIZE;
}
}
```
3. 编写DMA传输完成中断处理函数
当DMA1传输完成时,会触发DMA1的传输完成中断。需要在中断处理函数中重新配置DMA1,以便下一次传输。
```c
void DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler(void)
{
if (DMA_GetITStatus(DMA1_IT_TC5) != RESET)
{
DMA_ClearITPendingBit(DMA1_IT_TC5);
// 重新配置DMA1
DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5, DISABLE);
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)(rxBuffer + readIndex);
DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = RX_BUFFER_SIZE - readIndex;
DMA_Init(DMA1_Channel5, &DMA_InitStructure);
DMA_Cmd(DMA1_Channel5, ENABLE);
readIndex = 0;
}
}
```
4. 读取接收到的数据
最后,就可以从rxBuffer中读取接收到的数据了。需要注意的是,由于rxBuffer是一个循环缓冲区,因此需要在读取数据时进行特殊处理。
```c
uint16_t available = (writeIndex >= readIndex) ? (writeIndex - readIndex) : (RX_BUFFER_SIZE + writeIndex - readIndex);
if (available > 0)
{
uint16_t endIndex = (readIndex + available) % RX_BUFFER_SIZE;
if (endIndex > readIndex)
{
// 数据没有跨越缓冲区末尾
memcpy(data, rxBuffer + readIndex, available);
}
else
{
// 数据跨越了缓冲区末尾
memcpy(data, rxBuffer + readIndex, RX_BUFFER_SIZE - readIndex);
memcpy(data + RX_BUFFER_SIZE - readIndex, rxBuffer, endIndex);
}
readIndex = endIndex;
}
```
以上就是使用DMA进行串口数据接收的基本步骤。需要注意的是,以上代码仅供参考,具体实现可能需要根据实际情况进行修改。
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