enumerate(glob.glob("STNO-UNICODE/*.txt")):这段代码的含义是

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Lerner -- Python Workout. 50 Essential Exercises -- 2020.pdf

### Python Workout: 50 Essential Exercises (2020) #### Overview The "Python Workout: 50 Essential Exercises" is a comprehensive guide designed to help beginners and intermediate Python programmers refine their skills through practical exercises. Each exercise is structured to be completed within approximately ten minutes, making it ideal for quick learning sessions. The exercises cover various aspects of the Python programming language, including basic syntax, data structures, algorithms, and working with external formats such as CSV and JSON. #### Detailed Knowledge Points 1. **Number Guessing Game** - **Objective:** Develop a simple number guessing game where the computer selects a random number and the user tries to guess it. - **Key Concepts:** - Random number generation using the `random` module. - Conditional statements (`if`, `elif`, `else`) for handling user input. - User input validation. 2. **Summing Numbers** - **Objective:** Write a function that takes a list of numbers and returns their sum. - **Key Concepts:** - Looping over elements in a list. - Using the `sum()` built-in function. - Handling exceptions for non-numeric inputs. 3. **Run Timing** - **Objective:** Measure the time taken to execute a specific piece of code. - **Key Concepts:** - Using the `time` module to record start and end times. - Calculating elapsed time using subtraction. 4. **Hexadecimal Output** - **Objective:** Convert an integer to its hexadecimal representation. - **Key Concepts:** - Using the `hex()` built-in function. - Understanding hexadecimal number system. 5. **Pig Latin** - **Objective:** Implement a function that converts English words into Pig Latin. - **Key Concepts:** - String manipulation techniques. - Conditional logic for vowels and consonants. 6. **Pig Latin Sentence** - **Objective:** Extend the Pig Latin concept to convert entire sentences. - **Key Concepts:** - Splitting strings into words. - Applying Pig Latin conversion to each word. - Reconstructing the sentence. 7. **Ubbi Dubbi** - **Objective:** Create a function that converts English words to Ubbi Dubbi. - **Key Concepts:** - Replacing 'b' with 'ub'. - Iterating through characters in a string. 8. **Sorting a String** - **Objective:** Sort the characters of a given string alphabetically. - **Key Concepts:** - Converting strings to lists. - Using the `sorted()` function. - Joining sorted characters back into a string. 9. **First-Last** - **Objective:** Swap the first and last characters of a given string. - **Key Concepts:** - Slicing strings. - Concatenating strings. 10. **Summing Anything** - **Objective:** Create a function that can sum any type of iterable (e.g., list, tuple). - **Key Concepts:** - Using the `*args` parameter to accept variable arguments. - Type checking to ensure compatibility. - Using the `sum()` function. 11. **Alphabetizing Names** - **Objective:** Sort a list of names alphabetically. - **Key Concepts:** - Sorting lists using the `sort()` method or `sorted()` function. - Custom sorting based on specific criteria. 12. **Word with Most Repeated Letters** - **Objective:** Identify the word with the most repeated letters from a given list. - **Key Concepts:** - Counting occurrences of each letter using dictionaries. - Finding the maximum occurrence. 13. **Printing Tuple Records** - **Objective:** Print records from a list of tuples in a formatted way. - **Key Concepts:** - Accessing elements from tuples. - Formatting output using string formatting methods. 14. **Restaurant** - **Objective:** Simulate a restaurant order system. - **Key Concepts:** - Dictionary manipulation to manage menu items and orders. - Input/output operations to simulate customer orders. 15. **Rainfall** - **Objective:** Calculate total rainfall over a period. - **Key Concepts:** - Parsing input data to represent rainfall amounts. - Aggregating rainfall amounts over time. 16. **Dictdiff** - **Objective:** Compare two dictionaries and find differences. - **Key Concepts:** - Iterating over dictionary keys. - Comparing values and handling missing keys. 17. **How Many Different Numbers?** - **Objective:** Count the number of unique integers in a list. - **Key Concepts:** - Using sets to identify unique elements. - Converting integers to strings for comparison. 18. **Final Line** - **Objective:** Read a text file and print the final line. - **Key Concepts:** - File handling using `open()`. - Reading lines from a file. - Handling end-of-file conditions. 19. **/etc/passwd to Dict** - **Objective:** Parse the `/etc/passwd` file and convert it into a dictionary. - **Key Concepts:** - File parsing using regular expressions. - Creating dictionaries from parsed data. 20. **Word Count** - **Objective:** Count the number of occurrences of each word in a text file. - **Key Concepts:** - Tokenizing text into words. - Counting occurrences using dictionaries. 21. **Longest Word per File** - **Objective:** Identify the longest word in a given text file. - **Key Concepts:** - Reading text files. - Tokenizing text into words. - Finding the longest word. 22. **Reading and Writing CSV** - **Objective:** Read and write data in CSV format. - **Key Concepts:** - Using the `csv` module for reading and writing CSV files. - Handling different CSV dialects. 23. **JSON** - **Objective:** Work with JSON data. - **Key Concepts:** - Using the `json` module for serialization and deserialization. - Handling JSON objects. 24. **Reverse Lines** - **Objective:** Reverse the order of lines in a text file. - **Key Concepts:** - Reading lines from a file. - Reversing a list of lines. - Writing reversed lines back to the file. 25. **XML Generator** - **Objective:** Generate XML documents. - **Key Concepts:** - Understanding XML structure and syntax. - Using the `xml.etree.ElementTree` module for creating XML documents. 26. **Prefix Notation Calculator** - **Objective:** Implement a calculator for prefix notation (also known as Polish notation). - **Key Concepts:** - Parsing and evaluating prefix expressions. - Using stacks to manage operands and operators. 27. **Password Generator** - **Objective:** Create a secure password generator. - **Key Concepts:** - Generating random strings. - Ensuring password complexity requirements. 28. **Join Numbers** - **Objective:** Concatenate a list of numbers into a single string. - **Key Concepts:** - Converting numbers to strings. - Joining strings using the `join()` method. 29. **Add Numbers** - **Objective:** Add a list of numbers. - **Key Concepts:** - Using loops to iterate over numbers. - Accumulating the sum. 30. **Flatten a List** - **Objective:** Flatten a nested list into a single list. - **Key Concepts:** - Recursive functions for flattening lists. - Iterating over elements and checking types. 31. **Pig Latin Translation of a File** - **Objective:** Translate the content of a file into Pig Latin. - **Key Concepts:** - Reading file content. - Translating each word using the Pig Latin algorithm. - Writing translated content back to a new file. 32. **Flip a Dict** - **Objective:** Invert a dictionary's keys and values. - **Key Concepts:** - Creating a new dictionary with inverted key-value pairs. - Handling duplicate values in the original dictionary. 33. **Transform Values** - **Objective:** Apply a transformation function to all values in a dictionary. - **Key Concepts:** - Iterating over dictionary items. - Modifying values using a provided function. 34. **(Almost) Supervocalic Words** - **Objective:** Identify words containing all vowels except one. - **Key Concepts:** - Checking if a word contains all but one vowel. - Using sets for efficient checking. 35. **Gematria, Part 1 & 2** - **Objective:** Calculate the gematria value of words. - **Key Concepts:** - Assigning numerical values to letters. - Calculating the sum of these values. 36. **Sales Tax** - **Objective:** Calculate sales tax for a purchase. - **Key Concepts:** - Applying tax rates. - Handling rounding issues. 37. **Menu** - **Objective:** Simulate a menu-driven program. - **Key Concepts:** - Displaying options to the user. - Handling user input to perform actions. 38. **Ice Cream Scoop** - **Objective:** Manage ice cream scoops in a cone. - **Key Concepts:** - Using classes to represent cones and scoops. - Methods for adding and removing scoops. 39. **Ice Cream Bowl** - **Objective:** Manage ice cream in a bowl. - **Key Concepts:** - Extending the `Scoop` class to handle bowl-specific operations. - Tracking the number of scoops in a bowl. 40. **Bowl Limits** - **Objective:** Set limits on the number of scoops a bowl can hold. - **Key Concepts:** - Overloading the `__setitem__` method to enforce constraints. - Handling exceptions for invalid operations. 41. **A Bigger Bowl** - **Objective:** Create a larger bowl for holding more scoops. - **Key Concepts:** - Creating a subclass with extended capabilities. - Overriding methods to adjust capacity. 42. **FlexibleDict** - **Objective:** Implement a flexible dictionary that supports custom behaviors. - **Key Concepts:** - Overloading methods like `__getitem__`, `__setitem__`, and `__contains__`. - Providing additional functionality beyond standard dictionaries. 43. **Animals** - **Objective:** Model animals and their behaviors. - **Key Concepts:** - Object-oriented design. - Using classes and inheritance to model different animals. 44. **Cages** - **Objective:** Manage animals in cages. - **Key Concepts:** - Using dictionaries to track animals in cages. - Implementing methods for adding and removing animals. 45. **Zoo** - **Objective:** Simulate a zoo environment with multiple cages and animals. - **Key Concepts:** - Organizing cages and animals in a hierarchical structure. - Implementing methods for managing the zoo. 46. **MyEnumerate** - **Objective:** Implement a custom version of the `enumerate` function. - **Key Concepts:** - Iterating over a sequence while tracking the index. - Returning both the index and element in a tuple. 47. **Circle** - **Objective:** Create a class to represent circles. - **Key Concepts:** - Using properties to store the radius. - Implementing methods to calculate area and circumference. 48. **All Lines, All Files** - **Objective:** Read all lines from multiple files. - **Key Concepts:** - Iterating over a directory of files. - Reading lines from each file. - Combining lines into a single list. 49. **Elapsed Since** - **Objective:** Calculate the time elapsed since a certain event. - **Key Concepts:** - Storing the start time. - Calculating the difference between current and start time. 50. **MyChain** - **Objective:** Implement a chainable interface for manipulating collections. - **Key Concepts:** - Chainable methods for filtering, mapping, and reducing collections. - Implementing an iterator protocol for seamless iteration. ### Conclusion Each of the 50 exercises in "Python Workout" provides a practical way to enhance your Python programming skills. By working through these exercises, you will gain hands-on experience with essential Python concepts and techniques, which are crucial for developing robust applications. Whether you're a beginner looking to learn Python or an experienced programmer seeking to improve your skills, these exercises offer valuable practice and insights.

这段代码是利用 Python 内置的 glob 模块和 enumerate 函数来获取指定文件夹下所有扩展名为 .txt 的文件，并对文件列表进行编号。具体来说，glob.glob("STNO-UNICODE/*.txt") 会返回一个列表，其中包含了指定文件夹 STNO-UNICODE 下所有扩展名为 .txt 的文件的路径。例如，如果 STNO-UNICODE 文件夹下有三个 txt 文件，分别为 a.txt、b.txt、c.txt，则 glob.glob("STNO-UNICODE/*.txt") 返回的结果为 ["STNO-UNICODE/a.txt", "STNO-UNICODE/b.txt", "STNO-UNICODE/c.txt"]。而使用 enumerate 函数对这个列表进行迭代，可以同时获取文件在列表中的下标和文件的路径。例如，第一个文件的下标为 0，路径为 "STNO-UNICODE/a.txt"；第二个文件的下标为 1，路径为 "STNO-UNICODE/b.txt"，以此类推。最终，enumerate(glob.glob("STNO-UNICODE/*.txt")) 将返回一个可迭代对象，其中每个元素都是一个二元组 (index, file_path)，表示文件在列表中的下标和文件的路径。

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enumerate(glob.glob("STNO-UNICODE/*.txt")):这段代码的含义是

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