单片机与数据存储揭秘:EEPROM、Flash等存储器原理与应用

发布时间: 2024-07-12 21:03:22 阅读量: 39 订阅数: 37
![用单片机控制](https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-8223537/dd3a09294709f0418954d34a0d6c4078.png) # 1. 单片机存储器概述** 单片机存储器是用于存储程序和数据的电子元件。它分为两大类:易失性存储器和非易失性存储器。 易失性存储器在断电后会丢失数据,例如SRAM(静态随机存取存储器)和DRAM(动态随机存取存储器)。非易失性存储器在断电后仍能保留数据,例如EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)和Flash存储器。 单片机存储器容量和类型选择取决于具体应用需求,例如程序代码大小、数据存储量、成本和功耗等因素。 # 2. EEPROM存储器** EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)是一种非易失性存储器,允许用户在电气编程下擦除和重写数据。与其他非易失性存储器相比,EEPROM具有更高的耐久性和更快的读写速度。 ### 2.1 EEPROM的工作原理 #### 2.1.1 电荷存储机制 EEPROM基于电荷存储机制。每个存储单元由一个浮栅晶体管组成,浮栅晶体管充当电荷存储器。当向浮栅施加电压时,电荷会积累在浮栅上。电荷的积累或耗尽改变晶体管的阈值电压,从而控制存储单元的状态。 #### 2.1.2 读写过程 **读操作:** * 向浮栅晶体管施加读取电压。 * 如果浮栅上存储有电荷,则晶体管导通,允许读取电流。 * 如果浮栅上没有存储电荷,则晶体管截止,没有读取电流。 **写操作:** * 向浮栅晶体管施加编程电压。 * 编程电压会将电荷注入或移除浮栅。 * 注入电荷将提高阈值电压,从而关闭晶体管。 * 移除电荷将降低阈值电压,从而打开晶体管。 ### 2.2 EEPROM的特性和应用 #### 2.2.1 存储容量和耐久性 EEPROM的存储容量通常在几千字节到几兆字节之间。与其他非易失性存储器相比,EEPROM具有更高的耐久性,可以承受数百万次的擦除和写入循环。 #### 2.2.2 编程和擦除操作 EEPROM的编程和擦除操作是按字节或页进行的。编程操作需要较高的电压,而擦除操作需要较低的电压。编程和擦除操作通常需要几毫秒到几十毫秒的时间。 **代码块:** ```cpp // EEPROM编程操作 void EEPROM_Write(uint16_t address, uint8_t data) { // 等待EEPROM准备好 while (EECR & (1 << EEPE)); // 设置EEPROM地址 EEAR = address; // 写入数据到EEPROM EEDR = data; // 启动编程操作 EECR |= (1 << EEMPE); // 等待编程操作完成 while (EECR & (1 << EEPE)); } // EEPROM擦除操作 void EEPROM_Erase(uint16_t address) { // 等待EEPROM准备好 while (EECR & (1 << EEPE)); // 设置EEPROM ```
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Big黄勇

硬件工程师
广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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本专栏以“用单片机控制”为主题,深入浅出地介绍单片机控制原理,并提供从入门到精通的单片机程序设计秘籍。专栏涵盖了单片机系统设计实战指南、传感器接口技术大全、显示技术宝典、键盘输入详解、定时器应用指南、中断处理秘籍、数据存储揭秘、模拟电路接口技术详解、云平台连接指南、机器人控制秘诀、工业自动化以及医疗器械技术等各个方面。通过对这些内容的学习,读者可以全面掌握单片机控制技术,并将其应用于实际项目中,打造高效、智能的单片机系统。

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