单片机与中断处理秘籍:中断机制、中断向量表、中断优先级详解

发布时间: 2024-07-12 20:57:52 阅读量: 29 订阅数: 37
![中断向量表](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/8b3b46d264484895a11ec49c4e2522f4.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5Lmg5oOv5bCx5aW9eno=,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16) # 1. 单片机中断处理概述 单片机中断处理是一种机制,允许单片机在正常程序执行过程中暂停当前任务,转而处理来自外部或内部事件的请求。中断请求可以来自各种来源,例如外围设备、定时器或软件异常。 中断处理机制包括以下关键步骤: - **中断请求:**当发生中断事件时,中断源会向单片机发出中断请求信号。 - **中断响应:**单片机检测到中断请求后,会暂停当前程序执行,并跳转到预先定义的中断服务程序(ISR)中。 - **中断处理:**ISR处理中断请求,执行必要的操作,例如读取输入、更新状态或触发事件。 - **中断返回:**中断处理完成后,单片机返回到中断发生前的程序执行点,继续执行正常任务。 # 2. 单片机中断机制详解 ### 2.1 中断源和中断请求 中断源是指触发中断事件的硬件或软件模块。单片机中常见的中断源包括: - 外部中断:由外部引脚上的电平变化触发,如按钮按下或传感器检测到信号。 - 定时器中断:由定时器模块溢出或比较匹配事件触发,用于周期性任务或时间测量。 - 串口中断:由串口模块接收或发送数据时触发,用于数据通信。 - 看门狗中断:由看门狗模块超时触发,用于防止系统死锁。 当中断源发生事件时,它会向中断控制器发送中断请求(IRQ)。中断控制器负责管理中断请求,并根据中断优先级决定是否触发中断响应。 ### 2.2 中断响应和处理过程 当中断控制器收到中断请求并确定中断优先级较高时,它会触发中断响应。中断响应包括以下步骤: 1. **保存当前程序上下文:**中断控制器会将当前程序计数器(PC)、程序状态字(PSW)和寄存器值压入堆栈,以保存当前执行状态。 2. **跳转到中断向量表:**中断控制器根据中断源地址从中断向量表中获取中断处理程序的地址,并跳转到该地址。 3. **执行中断处理程序:**中断处理程序负责处理中断事件,通常包括读取中断源状态、执行必要的操作和清除中断标志。 4. **恢复程序上下文:**中断处理程序执行完毕后,从堆栈中恢复保存的程序上下文,并继续执行被中断的程序。 ### 2.3 中断使能和禁止 单片机通常提供中断使能和禁止功能,用于控制中断响应。中断使能时,中断控制器会响应中断请求并触发中断响应;中断禁止时,中断控制器会忽略中断请求。 中断使能和禁止可以通过设置中断控制器中的寄存器或执行特定的指令来实现。在某些情况下,中断使能和禁止可以用于实现中断优先级控制,例如,高优
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Big黄勇

硬件工程师
广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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本专栏以“用单片机控制”为主题,深入浅出地介绍单片机控制原理,并提供从入门到精通的单片机程序设计秘籍。专栏涵盖了单片机系统设计实战指南、传感器接口技术大全、显示技术宝典、键盘输入详解、定时器应用指南、中断处理秘籍、数据存储揭秘、模拟电路接口技术详解、云平台连接指南、机器人控制秘诀、工业自动化以及医疗器械技术等各个方面。通过对这些内容的学习,读者可以全面掌握单片机控制技术,并将其应用于实际项目中,打造高效、智能的单片机系统。

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