Detailed Explanation of Magic Commands in Jupyter Notebook

# 1. Introduction to Jupyter Notebook

### 1.1 What is Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook is an open-source interactive computing tool that supports over 40 programming languages, including Python, R, Julia, and more. It allows for the incorporation of text, code, images, and data visualizations within a single document.

### 1.2 Advantages of Jupyter Notebook
- Offers an interactive programming environment for writing, executing, and debugging code.
- Supports text editing in Markdown format for easy document creation and note-taking.
- Visually displays code execution results, including charts, images, and tables.
- Flexible support for various plugins and extensions, providing a high degree of customization.

### 1.3 Basic Usage of Jupyter Notebook
1. **Creating a Notebook**: Click New -> Python 3 (or another language) on the Jupyter main interface to create a new Notebook document.
2. **Editing Content**: Write text (in Markdown format) or code in each cell and execute it by pressing Shift+Enter.
3. **Saving and Exporting**: Use the shortcut Ctrl + S or go to File -> Save and Checkpoint to save your Notebook. Export to different formats like .ipynb, .html, .pdf, etc.
4. **Executing Code**: After writing code, execute it and view the results by pressing Shift+Enter or clicking the Run button.
5. **Kernel**: Select different kernels (e.g., Python 3, R, Julia) to run the corresponding language code.

### 1.4 Jupyter Notebook Keyboard Shortcuts
In Jupyter Notebook, there are numerous keyboard shortcuts that can speed up your workflow, such as:
- `Shift + Enter`: Execute the current cell and move to the next one.
- `Ctrl + Enter`: Execute the current cell without moving to the next one.
- `A`: Insert a new cell above the current cell.
- `B`: Insert a new cell below the current cell.
- `M`: Change the current cell type to Markdown.
- `Y`: Change the current cell type to Code.

In the following chapters, we will delve into Magic Commands within Jupyter Notebook and how to fully utilize these features to enhance work efficiency.

# 2. What are Magic Commands

### 2.1 What are Magic Commands
Magic Commands are special commands in Jupyter Notebook, prefixed with a single `%` or double `%%`, designed to enhance the functionality and operations of Jupyter Notebooks. Magic Commands enable users to use Notebooks more efficiently, streamline code debugging, data processing, and performance analysis.

### 2.2 Functions of Magic Commands
The functions of Magic Commands include but are not limited to:
- Quickly executing specific operations such as loading data, processing data, and plotting charts.
- Enhancing code interactivity for convenient debugging and experimentation.
- Improving coding efficiency by reducing the need for verbose code.
- Enriching the capabilities of Notebooks, making them more powerful and flexible.

### 2.3 Classification of Magic Commands
Magic Commands are divided into two types: Line Magic Commands and Cell Magic Commands. The difference is that Line Magic Commands act on the single line they are on, while Cell Magic Commands act on the entire cell.

The table below lists commonly used Magic Command categories and their functions:

| Category | Function |
|-------------------|----------------------------------------|
| %timeit | Measures code execution time |
| %matplotlib inline| Displays plots inline |
| %load_ext | Loads extensions |
| %run | Runs a specified Python file |
| %%writefile | Writes cell contents to a file |
| %who | Displays a list of variables in scope |

Next, we will详细介绍 the usage and examples of Line Magic Commands and Cell Magic Commands.

# 3. Line Magic Commands

### 3.1 What are Line Magic Commands
Line Magic Commands are a category of magic commands in Jupyter Notebook, beginning with the `%` symbol, and apply to a single line of code. They can be used to quickly execute specific functions, such as timing and variable inspection.

### 3.2 Usage of Line Magic Commands
In Jupyter Notebook, Line Magic Commands can be invoked by typing `%` followed by a specific keyword in a cell. These commands are typically only valid for the current line.

### 3.3 Examples of Common Line Magic Commands
The table below lists some commonly used Line Magic Commands and their functions:

| Command | Description |
|----------|--------------------------------------|
| `%timeit`| Measures execution time of code |
| `%who` | Displays currently defined variables |
| `%whos` | Displays variab