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首页2021年美国半导体行业现状与挑战:技术驱动力与全球短缺
2021年美国半导体行业现状与挑战:技术驱动力与全球短缺
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更新于2024-06-30
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美国半导体产业在2021年的状态报告指出,尽管全球仍受COVID-19大流行的影响,半导体技术扮演了至关重要的角色。它们不仅支撑了远程工作、在线学习、医疗诊断与治疗,还在全球供应链中发挥着引擎作用,确保了经济活动、医疗设施以及社会基础设施的正常运转。疫苗研发的历史性突破,如辉瑞和Moderna的新冠疫苗,离不开高度依赖先进半导体技术的超级计算机,这些计算机加速了科学计算和数据分析。 然而,这份报告也揭示了行业面临的一项重大挑战:全球半导体短缺。突如其来的疫情导致对特定半导体的需求激增,尤其是用于公共卫生应对和个人设备的芯片,而这些需求与其它领域如汽车、消费电子的波动需求形成了供需不平衡。这使得半导体制造商面临着巨大的压力,因为他们必须平衡生产以满足多个市场的突发需求,同时还要应对传统的周期性需求变化。 为了应对这一挑战,半导体行业协会(SIA)强调了行业内的合作和创新,包括提高产能、改进供应链管理、以及投资研发新型半导体制造技术,以期在未来的不确定性中保持竞争力。此外,政策制定者也介入其中,推动立法支持,如提供紧急资金援助和鼓励国内半导体生产能力的增长,以减少对外部供应的依赖。 2021年美国半导体行业在技术进步和解决全球短缺问题上取得了显著成就,但同时也暴露了结构性挑战。行业的持续发展将取决于能否有效管理供应链、适应市场需求变化,并在科技创新和政策支持方面取得进一步突破。随着全球经济逐渐恢复,半导体的重要性将持续增强,未来几年可能需要行业内外的共同努力来维持和扩大其在全球经济发展中的核心地位。
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6 | SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
CHIPS FIGHTING COVID-19
The pandemic rapidly generated data that
researchers could use to develop a COVID-19
vaccine, but the sheer volume of this data made it
difficult for scientists to find the specific data they
needed. Fortunately, cutting-edge semiconductor-
enabled technologies are streamlining the research
process for present-day developers. For example,
an engineer from a U.S. semiconductor company
developed a platform called Deep Search, which
uses natural language processing to mark-up
research papers for more accurate discovery by
search engines. Such technologies have helped
scientists more rapidly develop vaccines to combat
illness and disease such as COVID-19.
In addition to the work of individual technologists,
cooperative research organizations have maximized
vaccine development capacity by leveraging
economies of scale. The COVID-19 High-Performance
Computing (HPC) Consortium is a cooperative
network designed to join the computing capacities
and data collection of groups including industry,
academia, federal agencies, and international
government agencies. Early in the pandemic,
semiconductor-enabled AI technology was deployed
to help universities, companies, and clinics lower the
time required to model and run different potential
treatments from weeks to minutes. This significantly
saved time and resources needed to develop
hypothetical solutions in wetlabs.
Accurate and timely testing for COVID-19 was a vital
part of assessing risk and determining treatment
needs for the public, and semiconductor-enabled
medical instruments helped advance testing efforts.
Temperature screenings have become common
for many workplaces and public facilities hoping to
reopen their spaces to large amounts of people. This
has been done using thermal cameras or non-contact
forehead infrared thermometers that are enabled
by semiconductors such as sensors and analog
chips that translate real world phenomena such as
temperature into digital readings.
Public Testing and Tracing
Accelerating Vaccine Development
Semiconductors underpin the IT infrastructure
necessary for maintaining communication networks
between colleagues and classmates outside of a
traditional office and school setting. Firms that
could conduct business remotely quickly reacted
to the pandemic by shifting resources to digital
communication, and the trend may be here to stay.
With network usage growing between 30 to 50%
for top providers, chip-enabled communication
infrastructure has provided a lifeline to businesses
and schools to carry on with remote work and
school for many throughout the pandemic.
Delivery and transportation services are heavily
dependent upon rapid communication capabilities.
Some examples are the large fleets of truck drivers
that operate long shifts and require coordinated
support from fleet managers. Both pick-up and
delivery options for store items, groceries, and
restaurant food have been popular during the
pandemic because mobile phone apps have made
the transactions easy and safe. Grocery delivery
companies utilize the ubiquity of smartphones
to connect shoppers and customers, and these
semiconductor-enabled services have seen a
massive increase in application downloads and
order quantities.
Virtual Everything
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6 | SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
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