Java面向对象编程第五版简介

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"面向对象编程与Java第5版，作者C. Thomas Wu，是一本针对初学者详细讲解Java编程的书籍。" 本书是《面向对象编程与Java》的第五版，作者C. Thomas Wu，他在美国海军研究生院任职。这本书是Java编程的入门教程，适合对编程感兴趣或刚刚接触Java语言的读者。书中详细介绍了面向对象编程的基本概念和原理，旨在帮助读者掌握Java编程的基础知识。在Java编程中，面向对象编程（Object-Oriented Programming, OOP）是一种核心的编程范式，它以对象为中心，强调数据和操作数据的方法的封装、继承和多态性。以下是一些关键的知识点： 1. **类与对象**：类是创建对象的蓝图，它定义了对象的属性（数据成员）和行为（方法）。对象是类的实例，具有类所定义的特征和功能。 2. **封装**：封装是将数据和操作数据的方法捆绑在一起的过程，防止外部代码直接访问对象的内部细节，保证数据的安全性。 3. **继承**：继承允许子类（派生类）继承父类（基类）的属性和方法，这样可以减少代码重复，提高代码复用性。 4. **多态性**：多态性是指相同的操作或函数可以作用于不同的对象，使得代码更具灵活性和扩展性。Java中的接口和抽象类都是实现多态的方式。 5. **基础语法**：书中会涵盖Java的基础语法，如变量声明、数据类型、控制流语句（if、for、while）、数组等。 6. **异常处理**：Java的异常处理机制有助于程序在遇到错误时能够优雅地处理，避免程序崩溃。 7. **集合框架**：Java集合框架包括List、Set、Map等接口和ArrayList、LinkedList、HashSet、HashMap等实现类，它们提供了存储和管理对象的容器。 8. **输入/输出(I/O)**：Java的I/O系统支持读写文件、网络通信等，包括File类、InputStream/OutputStream接口及其子类。 9. **线程与并发**：Java提供了对多线程的支持，通过Thread类和Runnable接口可以创建并运行线程，理解并发编程是编写高效Java程序的关键。 10. **泛型**：泛型是Java 5引入的新特性，用于增强类型安全，减少类型转换的繁琐工作。 11. **Java Swing与GUI编程**：Java Swing库提供了一组组件用于构建图形用户界面，包括按钮、文本框、菜单等。 12. **Java标准库API**：介绍如何使用Java标准库中的各种类和接口，如Math类、Date类、Collections类等。 13. **JDBC与数据库连接**：Java数据库连接（JDBC）API用于连接和操作数据库，如执行SQL查询、处理结果集等。 14. **设计模式**：书中可能还会涉及一些常见的设计模式，如单例模式、工厂模式、观察者模式等，这些模式是解决特定问题的通用解决方案。通过这本书的学习，读者不仅能够掌握Java语言的基础，还能了解到面向对象编程的核心理念，为后续的Java开发工作打下坚实的基础。此外，书中可能还包括练习题和案例研究，以巩固所学知识并提高实践能力。

Preface xv

• Chapter 13 discusses inheritance and polymorphism and how to use them ef-

fectively in program design. The effect of inheritance for member accessibil-

ity and constructors is explained. We also explain the purpose of abstract

classes and abstract methods.

• Chapter 14 covers GUI and event-driven programming. Only the Swing-

based GUI components are covered in this chapter. We show how to use the

JOptionPane class for a very simple GUI-based input and output. GUI com-

ponents introduced in this chapter include

JButton, JLabel, ImageIcon,

JTextField, JTextArea, and menu-related classes. We describe the effective use

of nested panels and layout managers. Handling of mouse events is described

and illustrated in the sample programs. Those who do not teach GUI can skip

this chapter altogether. Those who teach GUI can introduce the beginning part

of the chapter as early as after Chapter 2.

• Chapter 15 covers recursion. Because we want to show the examples where

the use of recursion really shines, we did not include any recursive algorithm

(other than those used for explanation purposes) that really should be written

nonrecursively.

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xv

xvi Preface

Development Exercises

give students an opportunity

to practice incremental

development.

Level-by-level Organization for

Programming Exercises

Hallmark Features of the Text

Problem Solving

Printing the Initials

Now that we have acquired a basic understanding of Java application programs, let’s

write a new application. We will go through the design, coding,and testing phases of the

software life cycle to illustrate the development process. Since the program we develop

here is very simple,we can write it without really going through the phases. However,it is

extremely important for you to get into a habit of developing a program by following the

software life cycle stages. Small programs can be developed in a haphazard manner, but

not large programs. We will teach you the development process with small programs ﬁrst,

so you will be ready to use it to create large programs later.

We will develop this program by using an incremental development technique,

which will develop the program in small incremental steps. We start out with a bare-

bones program and gradually build up the program by adding more and more code to

it. At each incremental step, we design, code, and test the program before moving on

to the next step. This methodical development of a program allows us to focus our at-

tention on a single task at each step, and this reduces the chance of introducing errors

into the program.

Problem Statement

We start our development with a problem statement. The problem statement for our

sample programs will be short, ranging from a sentence to a paragraph,but the problem

statement for complex and advanced applications may contain many pages. Here’s the

problem statement for this sample development exercise:

Write an application that asks for the user’s ﬁrst, middle, and last names and

replies with the user’s initials.

Overall Plan

Our ﬁrst task is to map out the overall plan for development. We will identify classes nec-

essary for the program and the steps we will follow to implement the program. We begin

with the outline of program logic. For a simple program such as this one, it is kind of

obvious; but to practice the incremental development, let’s put down the outline of pro-

gram ﬂow explicitly. We can express the program ﬂow as having three tasks:

1. Get the user’s ﬁrst, middle,and last names.

2. Extract the initials to formulate the monogram.

3. Output the monogram.

Having identiﬁed the three major tasks of the program, we will now identify the

classes we can use to implement the three tasks. First, we need an object to handle

the input. At this point, we have learned about only the Scanner class, so we will use it

here. Second, we need an object to display the result. Again, we will use System.out,as

it is the only one we know at this point for displaying a string value. For the string

Sample Development

2.5 Sample Development

program

tasks

Sample Development Programs

Most chapters include a sample development

section that describes the process of

incremental development.

Level 1 Programming Exercises ★

5. In the RollDice program, we created three Die objects and rolled them once.

Rewrite the program so you will create only one

Die object and roll it three

times.

6. Write a program that computes the total ticket sales of a concert. There are

three types of seatings: A, B, and C. The program accepts the number of

tickets sold and the price of a ticket for each of the three types of seats. The

total sales are computed as follows:

totalSales = numberOfA_Seats * pricePerA_Seat +

numberOfB_Seats * pricePerB_Seat +

numberOfC_Seats * pricePerC_Seat;

Write this program, using only one class, the main class of the program.

7. Deﬁne a new class named Temperature. The class has two accessors—to-

Fahrenheit and toCelsius—that return the temperature in the speciﬁed unit

and two mutators—

setFahrenheit and setCelsius—that assign the temperature

in the speciﬁed unit. Maintain the temperature internally in degrees Fahrenheit.

Using this class, write a program that inputs temperature in degrees

Fahrenheit and outputs the temperature in equivalent degrees Celsius.

Development Exercises

For the following exercises, use the incremental development methodology to

implement the program. For each exercise, identify the program tasks, create

a design document with class descriptions, and draw the program diagram.

Map out the development steps at the start. Present any design alternatives and

justify your selection. Be sure to perform adequate testing at the end of each

development step.

11. In the sample development, we developed the user module of the keyless

entry system. For this exercise, implement the administrative module that

allows the system administrator to add and delete

Resident objects and

modify information on existing

Resident objects. The module will also allow

the user to open a list from a ﬁle and save the list to a ﬁle. Is it proper to

implement the administrative module by using one class? Wouldn’t it be

a better design if we used multiple classes with each class doing a single,

well-deﬁned task?

12. Write an application that maintains the membership lists of ﬁve social clubs

in a dormitory. The ﬁve social clubs are the Computer Science Club, Biology

Club, Billiard Club, No Sleep Club, and Wine Tasting Club. Use the

Dorm

class to manage the membership lists. Members of the social clubs are

Resident objects of the dorm. Use a separate ﬁle to store the membership

list for each club. Allow the user to add, delete, and modify members of

each club.

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xvi

Preface xix

Student Pedagogy

Always deﬁne a constructor and initialize data members fully in the

constructor so an object will be created in a valid state.

It is not necessary to create an object for every variable we use. Many novice pro-

grammers often make this mistake. For example, we write

Fraction f1, f2;

f1 = new Fraction(24, 36);

f2 = f1.simplify( );

We didn’t write

Fraction f1, f2;

f1 = new Fraction(24, 36);

f2 = new Fraction(1, 1); //not necessary

f2 = f1.simplify( );

because it is not necessary.The simplify method returns a Fraction object, and in

the calling program, all we need is a name we can use to refer to this returned

Fraction object. Don’t forget that the object name (variable) and the actual object

instance are two separate things.

We can turn our simulation program into a real one by replacing the Door class

with a class that actually controls the door. Java provides a mechanism called Java

Native Interface (JNI) which can be used to embed a link to a low-level device dri-

ver code, so calling the open method actually unlocks the door.

1. What will be displayed on the console window when the following code is

executed and the user enters abc123 and 14?

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

try {

int num1 = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Input 1 accepted");

int num2 = scanner.nextInt();

System.out.println("Input 2 accepted");

} catch (InputMismatchException e){

System.out.println("Invalid Entry");

}

List the catch blocks in the order of specialized to more general exception classes.

At most one catch block is executed, and all other catch blocks are ignored.

Design Guidelines

provide tips on good

program design.

Things to Remember

boxes provide tips for

students to remember key

concepts.

Tips,Hints,and Pitfalls

provide important points

for which to watch out.

You Might Want to Know

boxes give students

interesting bits of

information.

Quick Check

exercises at the end of

the sections allow

students to test their

comprehension of

topics.

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xix

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