UML与模式应用:第二版详解

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《Applying UML and Patterns》第二版是一本深入探讨统一建模语言(UML)及其模式在软件开发过程中的应用指南。本书主要关注UML在软件开发生命周期的不同阶段中的实践,包括从需求分析到项目管理,以及软件设计、实现和测试的各个环节。以下是一些关键知识点的详细说明: 1. **统一建模语言(UML)**: UML是一种图形化建模语言,它提供了一套标准化的方法来表示系统的结构、行为和动态交互。UML包含多种图表类型,如类图、对象图、序列图、活动图等,这些在本书中被用于创建各种模型,如业务模型、领域模型、用例模型和设计模型。 2. **SampleUnifiedProcessArtifacts**: 这部分展示了在统一过程(SampleUnifiedProcess)框架下的艺术作品(artifacts),例如需求文档(Requirements)、用例模型(Use-CaseModel)、业务模型(BusinessModeling)等。它们的创建时间线包括启动(s)、细化(r-refine)等步骤,例如在Inception阶段进行初步的需求定义,Elaboration阶段则进一步细化设计细节。 3. **迭代和生命周期阶段**: - **迭代(Iteration)**:UML和过程强调迭代式开发方法,将项目划分为多个迭代,每个迭代可能包括初始概念(Incep.)、详细设计(EL.En)、构造(Const.)、测试(T1..T2)等阶段。 - **系统生命周期**:从设计概念(Vision)开始,通过补充规范(SupplementarySpecification)、术语表(Glossary)等辅助文档,引导设计(DesignModelSW)和架构设计(ArchitectureDocument)。实施模型(ImplementationModel)是代码实现的关键,同时会有项目管理文档(SWDevelopmentPlan)和测试计划(Testing)的支持。 4. **商业和领域建模**: - **商业模型**:描绘了业务流程和参与者,如客户(Customer)与产品目录(ProductCatalog)的关系。 - **领域模型**:基于业务领域的核心概念和系统事件,反映了真实世界的抽象表示。 5. **用例与交互**: - **Use-CaseModel**:用例模型用来捕捉用户需求,如"ProcessSale"用例,其中包含了"NewSale"函数,其行为通过系统序列图(SystemSequenceDiagrams)可视化。 - **交互设计**:用例的实现通过交互图(如序列图)展示系统组件之间的通信,例如"makeNewSale()"方法调用和事件处理。 6. **设计和实现**: - **设计模型**:从领域模型中抽象出软件设计,包括设计模式的使用,如"Register"和"ProductCatalog"在设计模型中的体现。 - **实现模型**:具体描述软件组件如何被编码实现,与设计模型紧密相连。 7. **项目管理**: - **环境和开发案例**:项目管理涉及软件开发环境的配置,如DevelopmentCase,以及系统层面的集成(:System)。 通过《Applying UML and Patterns》第二版,读者可以学习如何有效地利用UML工具和技术来规划、设计和实现高质量的软件系统,并理解如何将业务需求转化为清晰的模型和设计决策。

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