ALTERA DDR3内存设计教程：PCB布局与DIMM脚印

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"ALTERA DDR3 pcb layout MT41J64M16LA DDR3 DIMM footprint DDR3 layout .pdf" 本文档主要介绍了ALTERA公司关于DDR3 SDRAM设计的教程，特别关注DDR3 PCB布局方面的知识。DDR3内存是DDR（Double Data Rate）内存的第三代产品，具有更高的数据传输速率和更低的功耗，广泛应用于现代电子系统，特别是高性能计算和嵌入式系统中。 DDR3内存模块（DIMM）的布局设计是确保系统性能和稳定性的关键因素。MT41J64M16LA是一款DDR3 SDRAM芯片，其型号表明它是一个64Mx16位的设备，意味着它有64兆位的数据宽度，并以16位为单位进行存储和读取操作。在PCB布局中，正确放置这些内存芯片至关重要，以保证信号完整性、减少信号反射和串扰，同时满足电气规范。文档可能涵盖以下关键知识点： 1. **DDR3内存工作原理**：DDR3内存利用时钟周期的上升沿和下降沿来传输数据，从而实现比DDR2更快的数据传输速度。它还引入了更精细的时钟调校机制，如ODT（On-Die Termination）和ZQ校准，以改善信号质量。 2. **DDR3内存模块结构**：DDR3 DIMM通常包含多个DRAM芯片，这些芯片通过地址、命令和数据线连接到主板上的内存控制器。了解这些接口的布局对于优化信号路径至关重要。 3. **PCB布线策略**：为了减少信号损失和噪声，DDR3内存走线应尽可能短且直。差分对的布线必须保持对称，以减小信号之间的相位差异。电源和地线的布局也非常重要，它们需要提供足够的去耦以降低电源噪声。 4. **DDR3时序和时钟管理**：DDR3内存需要精确的时序控制，包括CAS（列地址选通）、RAS（行地址选通）和WR（写使能）延迟。布局时需要考虑这些时序参数，确保所有组件都能同步工作。 5. **热管理**：DDR3内存运行时会发热，因此在布局时要考虑散热问题，可能需要在内存芯片周围设置适当的散热片或热沉。 6. **信号完整性**：DDR3的高速特性使得信号完整性成为设计挑战。通过合理布局，使用适当的阻抗控制和过孔设计，可以减少信号反射和串扰，提高系统可靠性。 7. **EMI（电磁干扰）控制**：DDR3的高速信号可能导致电磁辐射增加，设计时应遵循最佳实践，如使用屏蔽层、合理布线和选择低电磁发射的元器件，以降低对外部设备的干扰。 8. **兼容性和标准**：DDR3内存的设计需要符合JEDEC（Joint Electron Device Engineering Council）的标准，确保与各种主板和处理器的兼容性。文档可能还会涉及故障排查、测试方法和性能优化技巧等内容，帮助工程师进行有效的DDR3内存模块设计。由于ALTERA是一家知名的FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）供应商，这份教程可能还会包含如何将DDR3内存集成到ALTERA FPGA系统中的指导。这份文档是DDR3 PCB布局设计的重要参考资料，对于理解和实现高效、可靠的DDR3内存系统具有很高的价值。

1–8 Chapter 1: Using High-Performance Controller II with Native Interface Design

Getting Started

DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 SDRAM Design Tutorials © February 2010 Altera Corporation

Compile the Design

To compile the design example, perform the following steps:

1. Launch the Quartus II software.

2. On the File menu, click Open Project, navigate to

<your project path>/native_to_avalon_adaptor_ref_de/native_to_avalon_adaptor_

ref_de.qpf, and click Open.

3. On the Processing menu, click Start Compilation.

Simulate the Design

To set up the simulation environment, and start the simulation, perform the following

steps:

1. Launch ModelSim-Altera.

2. On the File menu, click Change Directory.

3. Select <your project path>/native_to_avalon_adaptor_ref_de/source/simulation/

modelsim and click OK.

4. On the Tools menu, click Tc l , then click Execute Macro. Select

native_example_top_run_msim_rtl_verilog.tcl, and click Open to start the

simulation.

Alternatively, you can run the script in the ModelSim transcript window by typing

source ./native_example_top_run_msim_rtl_verilog.tcl,

or in a terminal console by typing

vsim -do ./native_example_top_run_msim_rtl_verilog.tcl.

Figure 1–5. Directory Structure

native_to_avalon_adapter

Contains the Native interface to Avalon-MM interface adaptor code.

ddr2_hpII

Contains the files for DDR2 SDRAM High-Performance Controller II.

native_design

Contains the code for design example using Native interface.

testbench

Contains the testbench code.

simulation

Contains the ModelSim simulation script.

native_to_avalon_adaptor_ref_de

Contains the Quartus project files (.qpf).

source

Contains the source files.

2–2 Chapter 2: Using DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 SDRAM Devices in Arria II GX Devices

Instantiate and Parameterize a Controller

DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 SDRAM Design Tutorials © February 2010 Altera Corporation

Preliminary

Instantiate and Parameterize a Controller

After creating a Quartus II project, you need to instantiate a controller and set its

parameters.

Instantiate a Controller

To instantiate a controller, perform the following steps:

■ DDR2 SDRAM controller

a. Copy the memory parameters file,

ArriaIIGX_DDR2_Kit(MT8HTF12864HDY-800G1).xml, to your <installation

directory>\91\ip\ddr2_high_perf\lib directory.

b. Launch the MegaWizard

™

Plug-in Manager.

c. In the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, expand External Memory in the

Interfaces folder and select the DDR2 SDRAM High Performance Controller.

d. Enter ddr2_sodimm for the name of the DDR2 SDRAM high-performance

controller.

■ DDR3 SDRAM controller

a. Copy the memory parameters file,

ArriaIIGX_DDR3_Kit(MT41J64M16LA-15E).xml, to your <installation

directory>\91\ip\ddr3_high_perf\lib directory.

b. Launch the MegaWizard Plug-in Manager.

c. In the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager, expand External Memory in the

Interfaces folder and select the DDR3 SDRAM High Performance Controller.

d. Enter ddr3 for the name of the DDR3 SDRAM high-performance controller.

Both the DDR2 and DDR3 design examples instantiate the ALTMEMPHY

megafunction automatically.

Parameterize DDR2 SDRAM

To parameterize the DDR2 high-performance controller to interface with a 267-MHz

64-bit wide DDR2 SDRAM interface, perform the following steps:

1. In the Memory Setting tab, set Speed grade to 5.

2. For PLL reference clock frequency, enter 100 MHz. The input clock source,

clock_source, supplies the PLL reference clock frequency.

3. For Memory clock frequency, enter 267 MHz. This value is the maximum

frequency supported for the DDR2 SDRAM interface on Arria II GX devices.

4. For Memory Presets, select Micron

ArriaIIGX_DDR2_Kit(MT8HTF12864HDY-800G1), which gives a 64-bit wide

1-GB 400-MHz DDR2 SODIMM.

5. To create or modify a memory preset, click Modify parameters. In the Preset

Editor dialog box, modify the memory presets. Refer to Figure 2–1 on page 2–3.

2–4 Chapter 2: Using DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 SDRAM Devices in Arria II GX Devices

Instantiate and Parameterize a Controller

DDR, DDR2, and DDR3 SDRAM Design Tutorials © February 2010 Altera Corporation

Preliminary

9. In the Board Settings tab, enter the following values for the parameters under

Slew Rates and Board Skews:

■ CK/CK# slew rate (Differential) = 2.475 V/ns

■ Addr/Command slew rate = 0.859 V/ns

■ DQS/DQS# slew rate (Differential) = 1.386 V/ns

■ DQ slew rate = 2.665 V/ns

1 These slew rates are obtained from a simulation using the default I/O

standard and drive options.

■ Max skew within DQS group = 0.0339 ns

■ Max skew between DQS groups = 0.0824 ns

■ Addr/Command to CK skew = 0.0356 ns

The Intersymbol Interference parameters are not applicable for single rank

configurations. Set all these parameters to 0 ns.

10. In the Controller Settings tab, for Controller Architecture, select High

Performance Controller II for higher efficiency and advanced features.

11. Under Efficiency, select the specified values for the following options:

a. For Command Queue Look-Ahead Depth, select 6.

b. For Local-to-Memory Address Mapping, select CHIP-ROW-BANK-COL.

c. For Local Maximum Burst Count, select 8.

12. Click Next.

13. Turn on the Generate simulation model option to generate the simulation model

for the RTL simulation.

14. Click Finish to generate your MegaCore

function variation. The MegaWizard

Plug-In Manager generates all the files necessary for your DDR2 SDRAM

controller and a top-level design, which you use to test or verify the board

operation.

f For more information about the DDR/DDR2 SDRAM high-performance controller,

refer to the DDR and DDR2 SDRAM High-Performance Controller and ALTMEMPHY IP

User Guide in volume 3 of the External Memory Interface Handbook.

Parameterize DDR3 SDRAM

To parameterize the DDR3 high-performance controller to interface with a 300-MHz,

16-bit wide, DDR3 SDRAM interface, perform the following steps:

1. In the Memory Setting tab, set Speed grade to 4.

2. For PLL reference clock frequency, enter 100 MHz, to match the on-board

oscillator.

3. For Memory clock frequency, enter 300 MHz. This is the maximum frequency

supported for DDR3 SDRAM interface on Arria II GX devices.

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