专家之声:图解C# 2010

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"Illustrated C# 2010.pdf 是一本由 Daniel M. Solis 编写并插图的书籍,专注于介绍 C# 2010 这一编程语言。该书以其清晰、简洁和视觉化的教学方式,旨在帮助读者深入理解 C# 2010 的核心概念和特性。" 《Illustrated C# 2010》这本书涵盖了C#编程语言的多个关键知识点,包括但不限于以下内容: 1. **基础语法**:C# 是一种面向对象的语言,书中会详细介绍变量、数据类型、运算符、控制流程(如条件语句、循环)以及函数的基础知识。 2. **类与对象**:作为面向对象编程的基础,C# 中的类和对象的创建、继承、封装和多态性等概念是重点内容。书中会解释如何定义类,实例化对象,并讨论接口和抽象类的作用。 3. **泛型**:C# 2010 引入了泛型,允许开发者编写可重用的代码,这些代码可以处理多种数据类型。书中会展示如何使用泛型列表、泛型方法等。 4. **LINQ(Language Integrated Query)**:C# 2010 引入了强大的查询语言,使得数据查询更加直观和高效。书中将详细介绍如何使用 LINQ 查询各种数据源,包括集合、数据库和XML。 5. **异步编程**:C# 2010 提供了异步编程模型,使得开发者可以在不阻塞主线程的情况下执行长时间运行的任务。书中的内容可能包括 `async` 和 `await` 关键字的使用。 6. **事件和委托**:C# 中的事件和委托是实现组件之间通信的关键。书中会解释如何使用事件处理程序以及委托来创建响应式和解耦的代码。 7. **异常处理**:异常处理是软件开发中的重要部分,C# 提供了 `try-catch` 结构来捕获和处理错误。书中会介绍如何正确地使用异常处理来增加程序的健壮性。 8. **.NET Framework**:C# 是 .NET 平台的一部分,因此书中会涉及对 .NET Framework 的理解,包括类型系统、命名空间、库的使用等。 9. **单元测试**:为了确保代码质量,单元测试是必不可少的。可能会介绍如何使用 NUnit 或 Visual Studio 自带的测试工具进行单元测试。 10. **Windows 应用程序开发**:C# 可用于构建各种类型的 Windows 应用程序,包括桌面应用和Windows Forms。书中可能会讲解如何使用Visual Studio 创建和设计用户界面。 这本书不仅适合初学者入门,也适合有一定经验的开发者深入学习 C# 2010 的新特性和最佳实践。通过作者 Daniel M. Solis 清晰、简洁和视觉化的教学方式,读者可以更直观地理解和掌握 C# 语言的精髓。

翻译This SiO2 shell is a key component in the mechanism for reversible actuation, as illustrated by finite element analysis (FEA) in Fig. 1C. An increase in temperature transforms the SMA (nitinol) from the martensitic to the austenitic phase, causing the 3D structure to flatten into a 2D shape. The responses of the SMA elements at the joints act as driving forces to deform the PI skeleton. This process also elastically deforms the SiO2 shell, resulting in a counter force that limits the magnitude of the deformation. The change in shape ceases when the forces from the shell balance those from the joints (right frame in Fig. 1C). Upon a reduction in temperature, the SMA changes from the austenitic back to the martensitic phase, thereby reducing the force produced by the SMA at the joints to zero. The elastic forces associated with the shell then push the entire system back to the original 3D geometry (left frame in Fig. 1C). Figure S3A simulates the moments generated by the SMA and the SiO2 shell. In the FEA model, the SiO2 shell appears on both the outer and inner surfaces of the 3D robot, consistent with experiments (fig. S3B). Although a single layer of the SiO2 shell at the outer or inner surface can also provide restoring force, the double-layer shell structure follows naturally from the conformal deposition process. This actuation scheme allows for reversible shape transformations using a one-way shape memory material. Without the shell, the structure only supports a single change in shape, from 3D to 2D, as illustrated in fig. S3C. Figure 1D shows optical images of a freestanding 3D peekytoe crab on the edge of a coin, highlighting the preserved 3D geometry enabled by the SiO2 shell after release from the elastomer substrate. Other 3D structures in geometries that resemble baskets, circular helices, and double-floor helices also exhibit high shape storage ratios (>85%) after cycles of heating and cooling (fig. S4). This ratio (s) is defined as s = 1 − |L1 − L0|/L0 × 100%, where L0 and L1 are the distances between the bonding sites at both ends at the initial stage and subsequent stages, respectively

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