树莓派gpio驱动舵机
时间: 2024-08-13 18:02:08 浏览: 99
树莓派GPIO(General Purpose Input/Output,通用输入/输出)接口可以用来控制电机、继电器等电子设备,包括舵机。要通过GPIO驱动舵机,首先需要了解舵机的工作原理,它通常使用4线连接:电源、接地、脉冲信号(PWM,Pulse Width Modulation)和方向信号。
以下是步骤:
1. **连接硬件**:将舵机的红色(VCC,5V电源)、黑色(GND)接至树莓派的对应引脚。黄线接至GPIO的PWM输出口,如GPIO18或GPIO19,棕色线接至GPIO的一个数字输入口,用于检测舵机的方向。
2. **软件配置**:在树莓派上安装必要的库,例如`RPi.GPIO`库,这可以帮助管理和操作GPIO。运行命令`sudo apt-get install rpi.gpio` 安装该库。
3. **编写Python代码**:使用Python编写一个简单的程序,通过调整发送给PWM引脚的脉冲宽度值(0~100%)来改变舵机的角度。例如:
```python
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from time import sleep
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT) # PWM输出
GPIO.setup(24, GPIO.IN) # 方向检测
def set_servo_angle(angle):
pulse_width = angle / 18 + 2.5
GPIO.output(18, True)
GPIO.output(18, False)
GPIO.add_event_detect(18, GPIO.RISING, callback=lambda x: None, bouncetime=200)
GPIO.output(18, True)
sleep(pulse_width/1000000)
GPIO.output(18, False)
while True:
direction = GPIO.input(24)
if direction == GPIO.HIGH:
set_servo_angle(90) # 顺时针
else:
set_servo_angle(-90) # 逆时针
sleep(0.5) # 触发频率不宜过高防止损坏舵机
```
4. **安全注意事项**:在编写代码时确保处理好GPIO异常,并在结束时清理GPIO资源,以防资源泄露。
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