head_dim = dim // num_heads

时间: 2024-01-02 12:04:17 浏览: 29
As an AI language model, I can understand that this line of code is used to calculate the dimension of each head in multi-head attention. Here, `dim` refers to the input dimension of a sequence, and `num_heads` refers to the number of attention heads. The variable `head_dim` is assigned the value of `dim` divided by `num_heads`. This calculation results in the size of each head in the multi-head attention mechanism. For example, if `dim` is 512 and `num_heads` is 8, then `head_dim` would be 64. This means that the input sequence will be divided into 8 different parts or heads, each with a dimension of 64.
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class Attention(nn.Module): def __init__(self, dim, num_ttokens, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0., with_qkv=True): super().__init__() self.num_heads = num_heads head_dim = dim // num_heads self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5 self.with_qkv = with_qkv if self.with_qkv: self.qkv = nn.Linear(dim, dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias) self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim) self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop) self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop) ## relative position bias self.num_ttokens = num_ttokens self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2 * num_ttokens - 1, num_heads)) trunc_normal_(self.relative_position_bias_table, std=.02) coords = torch.arange(num_ttokens) relative_coords = coords[:, None] - coords[None, :] relative_coords += num_ttokens - 1 relative_coords = relative_coords.view(-1) self.register_buffer("relative_coords", relative_coords)

这是一个实现了注意力机制的神经网络模块,主要用于处理输入序列中不同位置之间的关系。其中,dim代表输入特征的维度,num_ttokens表示输入序列的长度,num_heads表示注意力头数,qkv_bias表示是否对注意力中的查询、键、值进行偏置,qk_scale表示缩放因子,attn_drop表示注意力中的dropout率,proj_drop表示输出结果的dropout率,with_qkv表示是否需要对输入进行线性变换。 在实现中,首先根据输入的维度和头数计算每个头的维度head_dim,然后根据缩放因子scale对查询、键、值进行线性变换,得到每个头的查询、键、值向量。如果with_qkv为True,则需要对输入进行线性变换得到查询、键、值向量;否则直接使用输入作为查询、键、值向量。 接着,计算注意力分数,即将查询向量和键向量点乘并除以缩放因子scale,然后通过softmax函数得到注意力权重。将注意力权重与值向量相乘并进行加权平均,得到最终的输出结果。 另外,为了考虑不同位置之间的关系,在实现中还引入了相对位置编码。具体来说,通过计算每个位置之间的相对距离,得到一个相对位置编码矩阵,然后将其转化为一个参数relative_position_bias_table,并通过注册buffer的方式保存在模块中。在计算注意力分数时,将查询向量和键向量的相对位置编码相加,从而考虑不同位置之间的相对关系。

def __init__(self, dim, window_size, num_heads, qkv_bias=True, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.): super().__init__() self.dim = dim self.window_size = window_size # Wh, Ww self.num_heads = num_heads head_dim = dim // num_heads self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim ** -0.5 # define a parameter table of relative position bias self.relative_position_bias_table = nn.Parameter( torch.zeros((2 * window_size[0] - 1) * (2 * window_size[1] - 1), num_heads)) # 2*Wh-1 * 2*Ww-1, nH

这段代码是一个类的初始化方法,用于创建一个多头自注意力机制(multi-head self-attention)的模型。其中,dim表示输入特征的维度,window_size表示窗口大小,num_heads表示注意力头的数量。qkv_bias、qk_scale、attn_drop和proj_drop则是一些可选的超参数。具体来说,该初始化方法定义了一个相对位置偏差参数表,其大小为(2 * Wh - 1) * (2 * Ww - 1) * nH,其中Wh和Ww分别表示窗口的高度和宽度,nH表示注意力头的数量。

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def init(self, dim, num_heads, kernel_size=3, padding=1, stride=1, qkv_bias=False, qk_scale=None, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.): super().init() head_dim = dim // num_heads self.num_heads = num_heads self.kernel_size = kernel_size self.padding = padding self.stride = stride self.scale = qk_scale or head_dim**-0.5 self.v = nn.Linear(dim, dim, bias=qkv_bias) self.attn = nn.Linear(dim, kernel_size**4 * num_heads) self.attn_drop = nn.Dropout(attn_drop) self.proj = nn.Linear(dim, dim) self.proj_drop = nn.Dropout(proj_drop) self.unfold = nn.Unfold(kernel_size=kernel_size, padding=padding, stride=stride) self.pool = nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=stride, stride=stride, ceil_mode=True) def forward(self, x): B, H, W, C = x.shape v = self.v(x).permute(0, 3, 1, 2) h, w = math.ceil(H / self.stride), math.ceil(W / self.stride) v = self.unfold(v).reshape(B, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads, self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size, h * w).permute(0, 1, 4, 3, 2) # B,H,N,kxk,C/H attn = self.pool(x.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)).permute(0, 2, 3, 1) attn = self.attn(attn).reshape( B, h * w, self.num_heads, self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size, self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size).permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4) # B,H,N,kxk,kxk attn = attn * self.scale attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1) attn = self.attn_drop(attn) x = (attn @ v).permute(0, 1, 4, 3, 2).reshape( B, C * self.kernel_size * self.kernel_size, h * w) x = F.fold(x, output_size=(H, W), kernel_size=self.kernel_size, padding=self.padding, stride=self.stride) x = self.proj(x.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)) x = self.proj_drop(x) return x

class SelfAttention(nn.Module): def init(self, input_size=1, num_heads=1): super(SelfAttention, self).init() self.num_heads = 1 self.head_size = 1 self.query = nn.Linear(1, 1) self.key = nn.Linear(1, 1) self.value = nn.Linear(1, 1) self.out = nn.Linear(1, 1) def forward(self, inputs): batch_size, seq_len, input_size = inputs.size() # 128 706 1 # Split inputs into num_heads inputs = inputs.view(batch_size, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_size) inputs = inputs.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous() queries = self.query(inputs).view(batch_size, self.num_heads, seq_len, self.head_size) keys = self.key(inputs).view(batch_size, self.num_heads, seq_len, self.head_size) values = self.value(inputs).view(batch_size, self.num_heads, seq_len, self.head_size) # Compute attention scores scores = torch.matmul(queries, keys.permute(0, 1, 3, 2)) scores = scores / (self.head_size ** 0.5) attention = F.softmax(scores, dim=-1) # Apply attention weights to values attention_output = torch.matmul(attention, values) attention_output = attention_output.view(batch_size, seq_len, input_size) # Apply output linear layer output = self.out(attention_output) return output class DenseAttentionLayer(nn.Module): def init(self, input_size, return_alphas=True, name=None, num_heads=1): super(DenseAttentionLayer, self).init() self.return_alphas = return_alphas self.name = name self.num_heads = num_heads # If input comes with a hidden dimension (e.g. 5 features per gene) # print("len(input_size): ",len(input_size)) # 2 if len(input_size) == 3: self.feature_collapse = nn.Linear(input_size[-1], 1) input_size = (input_size[0], input_size[1]) self.attention = SelfAttention(input_size=1, num_heads=1) def forward(self, inputs): print("inputs.shape: ",inputs.shape) # torch.Size([128, 706]) output = self.attention(inputs) if self.return_alphas: alphas = F.softmax(output, dim=1) return torch.mul(inputs, alphas), alphas else: return output 对于上述代码其中numheads=1 headsize=1

Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\轨迹训练\Transformer_V2_radicla_test.py", line 146, in <module> main() File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\轨迹训练\Transformer_V2_radicla_test.py", line 131, in main train_losses, val_losses = train(model, optimizer, criterion, traindataloader, valdataloader, epochs) # 模型训练 File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\轨迹训练\Transformer_V2_radicla_test.py", line 65, in train pred = model(input_data, target) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\module.py", line 1130, in _call_impl return forward_call(*input, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\轨迹训练\Transformer_V2_radicla_test.py", line 42, in forward output = self.decoder(tgt, memory) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\module.py", line 1130, in _call_impl return forward_call(*input, **kwargs) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\transformer.py", line 291, in forward output = mod(output, memory, tgt_mask=tgt_mask, File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\module.py", line 1130, in _call_impl return forward_call(*input, **kwargs) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\transformer.py", line 577, in forward x = self.norm2(x + self._mha_block(x, memory, memory_mask, memory_key_padding_mask)) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\transformer.py", line 594, in _mha_block x = self.multihead_attn(x, mem, mem, File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\module.py", line 1130, in _call_impl return forward_call(*input, **kwargs) File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\modules\activation.py", line 1153, in forward attn_output, attn_output_weights = F.multi_head_attention_forward( File "D:\anaconda2\lib\site-packages\torch\nn\functional.py", line 5122, in multi_head_attention_forward k = k.contiguous().view(k.shape[0], bsz * num_heads, head_dim).transpose(0, 1) RuntimeError: shape '[10, 297, 1]' is invalid for input of size 300什么原因,如何解决?

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