Therefore, this research introduced the combined forecasting to overcome the model selection uncertainty, and proposed GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR nonlinear combination for carbon emission forecasting. The combined forecasting binds the information of individual models and meets the requirements of high adaptability and forecasting precision. Furthermore, the combined model GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR is suitable for small samples forecasting. The processes of GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR are as the following steps:

这段话也没有发现任何语法错误。该段介绍了该研究引入组合预测方法来克服模型选择的不确定性，并提出了GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR非线性组合模型用于碳排放预测。组合预测将个体模型的信息绑定在一起，并满足高适应性和预测精度的要求。此外，组合模型GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR适用于小样本预测。GM-GRA-DPC-PSOSVR的过程如下所示：

相关问题

The RADLER framework introduced in this study aims at the integration of deep and radiomics features for medical image analysis and classification. Its first application in a prognostic task of locoregional recurrence (LR task) of head and neck cancer improves with respect to the state of art [38], both in terms of sensitivity (0.94 vs 0.56) and specificity (0.95 vs 0.67). Moreover, the DAP included in the framework is used to evaluate variability due to resampling and control for selection bias in the model selection phase. As assessed by the DAP , the feature set integrating radiomics and deep features is more effective in predicting LR than only one of the feature types. 解释

这段话大概是在说明一个研究的框架RADLER旨在将深度学习和放射学特征集成到医学图像分析和分类中。其首个应用于头颈癌局部复发（LR任务）的预后任务中，在灵敏度（0.94 vs 0.56）和特异度（0.95 vs 0.67）方面都比现有技术有所提高。此外，框架中包含的DAP用于评估由于重采样引起的变异性，并控制模型选择阶段中的选择偏差。通过DAP评估，将放射学和深度特征集成到特征集中比仅使用其中一种特征类型更有效地预测LR。

用中文总结以下内容： A number of experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to study the MBPP stack and wavy flow field characteristics with various designs [10,11]. T. Chu et al. conducted the durability test of a 10-kW MBPP fuel cell stack containing 30 cells under dynamic driving cycles and analyzed the performance degradation mechanism [12]. X. Li et al. studied the deformation behavior of the wavy flow channels with thin metallic sheet of 316 stainless steel from both experimental and simulation aspects [13]. J. Owejan et al. designed a PEMFC stack with anode straight flow channels and cathode wavy flow channels and studied the in situ water distributions with neutron radiograph [14]. T. Tsukamoto et al. simulated a full-scale MBPP fuel cell stack of 300 cm2 active area at high current densities and used the 3D model to analyze the in-plane and through-plane parameter distributions [15]. G. Zhang et al. developed a two-fluid 3D model of PEMFC to study the multi-phase and convection effects of wave-like flow channels which are symmetric between anode and cathode sides [16]. S. Saco et al. studied the scaled up PEMFC numerically and compared straight parallel, serpentine zig-zag and straight zig-zag flow channels cell with zig-zag flow field with a transient 3D numerical model to analyze the subfreezing temperature cold start operations [18]. P. Dong et al. introduced discontinuous S-shaped and crescent ribs into flow channels based on the concept of wavy flow field for optimized design and improved energy performance [19]. I. Anyanwu et al. investigated the two-phase flow in sinusoidal channel of different geometric configurations for PEMFC and analyzed the effects of key dimensions on the droplet removal in the flow channel [20]. Y. Peng et al. simulated 5-cell stacks with commercialized flow field designs, including Ballard-like straight flow field, Honda-like wavy flow field and Toyota-like 3D mesh flow field, to investigate their thermal management performance [21]. To note, the terms such as sinusoidal, zig-zag, wave-like and Sshaped flow channels in the aforementioned literatures are similar to the so called wavy flow channels in this paper with identical channel height for the entire flow field. The through-plane constructed wavy flow channels with periodically varied channel heights are beyond the scope of this paper [22,23].

通过实验和数值计算研究了MBPP及波浪流动场特性的不同设计（10，11），Chu等人进行了包含30个电池的10 kW MBPP燃料电池堆的耐久性测试，分析了性能退化机制（12），Li等人从实验和模拟两个方面研究了316不锈钢薄金属板的波浪流道变形行为（13），Owejan等人设计了具有阳极直流道和阴极波浪流道的PEMFC堆，并用中子射线图研究了原位水分布（14），Tsukamoto等人模拟了300 cm2有效面积的全尺寸MBPP燃料电池堆，利用3D模型分析了平面及穿越面参数分布（15），Zhang等人开发了一种双流体3D模型的PEMFC，用于研究阳极和阴极之间对称的波浪流道的多相和对流效应（16），Saco等人用瞬态3D数值模型研究了放大的PEMFC，并比较了直平行流道、蛇形之字形流道和直之字形流道的单元，以及之字形流场的次冰点启动操作（18），Dong等人基于波浪流场的概念，将不连续S形和新月形筋条引入流道，实现优化设计和提升能量性能（19），Anyanwu等人研究了不同几何配置的正弦槽流道中的双相流，并分析了关键尺寸对流道中液滴排除的影响（20），Peng等人模拟了5电池堆，包括Ballard-like直流场、Honda-like波浪流场和Toyota-like 3D网格流场，研究了它们的热管理性能（21）。需要指出的是，上述文献中的正弦、之字形、波浪状和S形流道与本文中所谓的波浪流道完全相同，具有整个流场的相同沟槽高度（22，23）。