以下代码用的什么链表，#include <iostream> #include <list> #include <string> using namespace std; // 定义一个结构体表示旅客 struct Passenger { int id; string name; }; // 约瑟夫双向生死者游戏函数 void josephusGame(int p, int m, int n, int q) { // 创建旅客列表并初始化 list<Passenger> passengers; for (int i = 1; i <= p; i++) { Passenger passenger; passenger.id = i; passenger.name = "同学" + to_string(i); passengers.push_back(passenger); } // 开始游戏 auto current = passengers.begin(); while (passengers.size() > q) { // 正向计数m个旅客并移除 for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) { current++; if (current == passengers.end()) { current = passengers.begin(); } } cout << "离开的旅客学号：" << current->id << " 姓名：" << current->name << endl; current = passengers.erase(current); // 反向计数n个旅客并移除 for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (current == passengers.begin()) { current = passengers.end(); } current--; } cout << "离开的旅客学号：" << current->id << " 姓名：" << current->name << endl; current = passengers.erase(current); } // 输出剩余旅客信息 cout << "剩余旅客的学号和姓名：" << endl; for (const auto& passenger : passengers) { cout << "学号：" << passenger.id << " 姓名：" << passenger.name << endl; } } int main() { int p, m, n, q; cout << "请输入旅客人数p："; cin >> p; cout << "请输入正向计数m："; cin >> m; cout << "请输入反向计数n："; cin >> n; cout << "请输入剩余旅客数量q："; cin >> q; josephusGame(p, m, n, q); return 0; }

该代码使用了 STL 中的双向链表（即 list）来存储旅客信息。在主函数中，根据用户输入的旅客人数 p，创建了一个长度为 p 的双向链表，并为每个节点设置了旅客的学号和姓名信息。在约瑟夫双向生死者游戏函数中，使用了该链表的迭代器（即 auto current）来遍历链表节点，并且在游戏过程中不断地删除节点，直到链表中剩余的节点数等于给定的 q。最后，输出剩余旅客的学号和姓名信息。

相关问题

#include <iostream> #include <list> #include <string> using namespace std; // 定义一个结构体表示旅客 struct Passenger { int id; string name; }; // 约瑟夫双向生死者游戏函数 void josephusGame(int p, int m, int n, int q) { // 创建旅客列表并初始化 list<Passenger> passengers; for (int i = 1; i <= p; i++) { Passenger passenger; passenger.id = i; passenger.name = "同学" + to_string(i); passengers.push_back(passenger); } // 开始游戏 auto current = passengers.begin(); while (passengers.size() > q) { // 正向计数m个旅客并移除 for (int i = 1; i < m; i++) { current++; if (current == passengers.end()) { current = passengers.begin(); } } cout << "离开的旅客学号：" << current->id << " 姓名：" << current->name << endl; current = passengers.erase(current); // 反向计数n个旅客并移除 for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if (current == passengers.begin()) { current = passengers.end(); } current--; } cout << "离开的旅客学号：" << current->id << " 姓名：" << current->name << endl; current = passengers.erase(current); } // 输出剩余旅客信息 cout << "剩余旅客的学号和姓名：" << endl; for (const auto& passenger : passengers) { cout << "学号：" << passenger.id << " 姓名：" << passenger.name << endl; } } int main() { int p, m, n, q; cout << "请输入旅客人数p："; cin >> p; cout << "请输入正向计数m："; cin >> m; cout << "请输入反向计数n："; cin >> n; cout << "请输入剩余旅客数量q："; cin >> q; josephusGame(p, m, n, q); return 0; }

这是一个使用 C++ 实现的约瑟夫双向生死者游戏的程序。程序中定义了一个结构体表示旅客，使用双向链表来存储旅客，并通过迭代器来访问链表中的元素。程序中的 josephusGame 函数实现了游戏的逻辑，包括正向计数和反向计数两种方式，最后输出剩余旅客的信息。在主函数中，用户需要输入旅客人数、正向计数、反向计数和剩余旅客数量等参数。程序中的注释也很详细，可以帮助理解代码的实现。

优化以下代码，要求：班级成绩管理系统 （1）利用结构体和简单的链表，实现一个班学生成绩的管理，至少可以输入20个学生的成绩。 （2）成绩管理功能包括：输入、输出，利用new和delete运算符添加和删除班级成绩 （1）利用结构体和简单的链表（关于链表的知识，自己查阅资料学习），实现一个班学生成绩的管理。#include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<windows.h> using namespace std; typedef struct student { char name[20]; int score; student* next; }stu; stu* head; void input() { stu* p1, * p2; p1 = (stu*)new stu; head = p1; while (p1 != NULL) { cout << "输入姓名" << endl; cin >> p1->name; cout << "输入成绩" << endl; cin >> p1->score; cout << "是否继续输入？（1.是 2.否）"; int a; cin >> a; if (a == 1) { p2 = p1; p1 = (stu*)new stu; p2->next = p1; continue; } else if (a == 2) { p1->next = NULL; break; } } } void listprint() { stu* p1 = head; while (p1 != NULL) { cout << 1; cout << "姓名： " << p1->name << " 成绩:" << p1->score << endl; p1 = p1->next; } } void shanchu() { char c[20]; cout << "请输入删除的学生姓名" << endl; cin >> c; stu* p1 = head, * p2; while (p1 != NULL) { p2 = p1->next; if (strcmp(p2->name, c) == 0) { p1->next = p2->next; break; }p1 = p1->next; } } int main() { int a = 0; while (1) { cout << "1.输入成绩 2.输出成绩 3.删除" << endl;cin >> a; switch (a) { case 1: { input(); system ("cls"); continue; } case 2: { listprint(); continue; } case 3: { shanchu(); continue; } default: { break; } } break; } }

以下是优化后的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Student {
string name;
int score;
Student* next;
};

void addStudent(Student*& head, string name, int score) {
Student* newStudent = new Student;
newStudent->name = name;
newStudent->score = score;
newStudent->next = head;
head = newStudent;
}

void deleteStudent(Student*& head, string name) {
if (head == NULL) {
return;
}
if (head->name == name) {
Student* temp = head;
head = head->next;
delete temp;
return;
}
Student* current = head;
while (current->next != NULL && current->next->name != name) {
current = current->next;
}
if (current->next == NULL) {
return;
}
Student* temp = current->next;
current->next = current->next->next;
delete temp;
}

void printStudents(Student* head) {
while (head != NULL) {
cout << head->name << " " << head->score << endl;
head = head->next;
}
}

int main() {
Student* head = NULL;
int choice;
string name;
int score;
while (true) {
cout << "1. Add student" << endl;
cout << "2. Delete student" << endl;
cout << "3. Print students" << endl;
cout << "4. Exit" << endl;
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
cout << "Enter student name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter student score: ";
cin >> score;
addStudent(head, name, score);
break;
case 2:
cout << "Enter student name: ";
cin >> name;
deleteStudent(head, name);
break;
case 3:
printStudents(head);
break;
case 4:
return 0;
default:
cout << "Invalid choice" << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}

优化后的代码使用了指针和动态内存分配，可以更好地管理学生信息。同时，使用了switch语句来实现菜单功能，代码更加简洁易懂。