objective = objective + norm(x{k},1) + norm(u{k},1);这句话是什么意思
时间: 2023-06-27 14:06:46 浏览: 107
这句话是一个数学表达式,通常在优化问题中使用。其中,norm(x{k},1)表示对向量x的第k个分量取绝对值并求和,即L1范数;norm(u{k},1)表示对向量u的第k个分量取绝对值并求和,也是L1范数。加号表示将两个L1范数相加。而整个表达式的含义是将一个目标函数objective定义为原目标函数加上两个L1范数。
这种目标函数常用于稀疏优化问题,即在满足某些约束的前提下,让向量x和u尽可能地稀疏(即尽可能多地包含0元素)。这是因为L1范数是一种常用的稀疏正则化方法,可以使得优化结果中有更多的0元素,从而达到稀疏化的效果。
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解释:def steepest_descent(fun, grad, x0, iterations, tol): """ Minimization of scalar function of one or more variables using the steepest descent algorithm. Parameters ---------- fun : function Objective function. grad : function Gradient function of objective function. x0 : numpy.array, size=9 Initial value of the parameters to be estimated. iterations : int Maximum iterations of optimization algorithms. tol : float Tolerance of optimization algorithms. Returns ------- xk : numpy.array, size=9 Parameters wstimated by optimization algorithms. fval : float Objective function value at xk. grad_val : float Gradient value of objective function at xk. grad_log : numpy.array The record of gradient of objective function of each iteration. """ fval = None grad_val = None x_log = [] y_log = [] grad_log = [] x0 = asarray(x0).flatten() # iterations = len(x0) * 200 old_fval = fun(x0) gfk = grad(x0) k = 0 old_old_fval = old_fval + np.linalg.norm(gfk) / 2 xk = x0 x_log = np.append(x_log, xk.T) y_log = np.append(y_log, fun(xk)) grad_log = np.append(grad_log, np.linalg.norm(xk - x_log[-1:])) gnorm = np.amax(np.abs(gfk)) while (gnorm > tol) and (k < iterations): pk = -gfk try: alpha, fc, gc, old_fval, old_old_fval, gfkp1 = _line_search_wolfe12(fun, grad, xk, pk, gfk, old_fval, old_old_fval, amin=1e-100, amax=1e100) except _LineSearchError: break xk = xk + alpha * pk k += 1 grad_log = np.append(grad_log, np.linalg.norm(xk - x_log[-1:])) x_log = np.append(x_log, xk.T) y_log = np.append(y_log, fun(xk)) if (gnorm <= tol): break fval = old_fval grad_val = grad_log[-1] return xk, fval, grad_val, x_log, y_log, grad_log
这是一个使用最速下降法(steepest descent algorithm)来最小化一个一元或多元标量函数的函数。其中,fun是目标函数,grad是目标函数的梯度函数,x0是参数的初始值,iterations是最大迭代次数,tol是优化算法的收敛容忍度。函数的返回值包括参数估计的值xk,目标函数在xk处的值fval,目标函数在xk处的梯度grad_val,记录梯度的numpy数组grad_log,记录参数的numpy数组x_log和记录目标函数值的numpy数组y_log。在函数中,使用了线性搜索(_line_search_wolfe12函数)来确定步长,以最小化目标函数。这个函数的主要思想是在每个迭代步骤中,计算目标函数的梯度,然后以梯度的相反方向为方向进行搜索,计算步长,更新参数值。重复上述步骤,直到达到收敛条件或达到最大迭代次数。
解释:def conjugate_gradient(fun, grad, x0, iterations, tol): """ Minimization of scalar function of one or more variables using the conjugate gradient algorithm. Parameters ---------- fun : function Objective function. grad : function Gradient function of objective function. x0 : numpy.array, size=9 Initial value of the parameters to be estimated. iterations : int Maximum iterations of optimization algorithms. tol : float Tolerance of optimization algorithms. Returns ------- xk : numpy.array, size=9 Parameters wstimated by optimization algorithms. fval : float Objective function value at xk. grad_val : float Gradient value of objective function at xk. grad_log : numpy.array The record of gradient of objective function of each iteration. """ fval = None grad_val = None x_log = [] y_log = [] grad_log = [] x0 = asarray(x0).flatten() # iterations = len(x0) * 200 old_fval = fun(x0) gfk = grad(x0) k = 0 xk = x0 # Sets the initial step guess to dx ~ 1 old_old_fval = old_fval + np.linalg.norm(gfk) / 2 pk = -gfk x_log = np.append(x_log, xk.T) y_log = np.append(y_log, fun(xk)) grad_log = np.append(grad_log, np.linalg.norm(xk - x_log[-1:])) gnorm = np.amax(np.abs(gfk)) sigma_3 = 0.01 while (gnorm > tol) and (k < iterations): deltak = np.dot(gfk, gfk) cached_step = [None] def polak_ribiere_powell_step(alpha, gfkp1=None): xkp1 = xk + alpha * pk if gfkp1 is None: gfkp1 = grad(xkp1) yk = gfkp1 - gfk beta_k = max(0, np.dot(yk, gfkp1) / deltak) pkp1 = -gfkp1 + beta_k * pk gnorm = np.amax(np.abs(gfkp1)) return (alpha, xkp1, pkp1, gfkp1, gnorm) def descent_condition(alpha, xkp1, fp1, gfkp1): # Polak-Ribiere+ needs an explicit check of a sufficient # descent condition, which is not guaranteed by strong Wolfe. # # See Gilbert & Nocedal, "Global convergence properties of # conjugate gradient methods for optimization", # SIAM J. Optimization 2, 21 (1992). cached_step[:] = polak_ribiere_powell_step(alpha, gfkp1) alpha, xk, pk, gfk, gnorm = cached_step # Accept step if it leads to convergence. if gnorm <= tol: return True # Accept step if sufficient descent condition applies. return np.dot(pk, gfk) <= -sigma_3 * np.dot(gfk, gfk) try: alpha_k, fc, gc, old_fval, old_old_fval, gfkp1 = \ _line_search_wolfe12(fun, grad, xk, pk, gfk, old_fval, old_old_fval, c2=0.4, amin=1e-100, amax=1e100, extra_condition=descent_condition) except _LineSearchError: break # Reuse already computed results if possible if alpha_k == cached_step[0]: alpha_k, xk, pk, gfk, gnorm = cached_step else: alpha_k, xk, pk, gfk, gnorm = polak_ribiere_powell_step(alpha_k, gfkp1) k += 1 grad_log = np.append(grad_log, np.linalg.norm(xk - x_log[-1:])) x_log = np.append(x_log, xk.T) y_log = np.append(y_log, fun(xk)) fval = old_fval grad_val = grad_log[-1] return xk, fval, grad_val, x_log, y_log, grad_log
这是一个使用共轭梯度算法来最小化一个标量函数的函数。它的输入包括一个目标函数,一个梯度函数,一个初始值,迭代次数和容差。返回值包括参数的估计值,目标函数在该点的值,目标函数在该点的梯度值以及每次迭代中目标函数梯度的记录。这个算法使用了Polak-Ribiere共轭梯度法,并且在每次迭代中使用了Wolfe条件进行线搜索。算法的大致步骤是:首先计算梯度,然后使用Polak-Ribiere方向来计算下一步方向,然后使用Wolfe条件进行线搜索来确定步长。重复这个过程直到满足停止条件。
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