用动态规划求0-1背包问题,n=5,c=15,w={12,1,4,1,2},v={4,2,10,1,2}.求背包所得的最大价值和最优解,c++代码及计算过程
时间: 2023-06-26 22:07:37 浏览: 108
对于动态规划求解0-1背包问题,我们需要定义一个二维数组dp[i][j],表示前i个物品放入容量为j的背包中所能得到的最大价值。则状态转移方程为:
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-w[i]] + v[i]) (j >= w[i])
其中,w[i]表示第i个物品的重量,v[i]表示第i个物品的价值。
代码如下:
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n = 5, c = 15;
vector<int> w = {12, 1, 4, 1, 2};
vector<int> v = {4, 2, 10, 1, 2};
vector<vector<int>> dp(n+1, vector<int>(c+1, 0));
// 动态规划求解
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(int j = 1; j <= c; j++)
{
if(j >= w[i-1])
dp[i][j] = max(dp[i-1][j], dp[i-1][j-w[i-1]] + v[i-1]);
else
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j];
}
}
// 输出最大价值
cout << "最大价值:" << dp[n][c] << endl;
// 输出最优解
vector<int> ans;
int i = n, j = c;
while(i > 0 && j > 0)
{
if(dp[i][j] > dp[i-1][j])
{
ans.push_back(i-1);
j -= w[i-1];
}
i--;
}
cout << "最优解:";
for(int i = ans.size()-1; i >= 0; i--)
cout << ans[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
```
计算过程如下:
第一步,初始化dp数组:
```
dp[0][0] = 0
dp[0][1] = 0
dp[0][2] = 0
dp[0][3] = 0
dp[0][4] = 0
dp[0][5] = 0
dp[0][6] = 0
dp[0][7] = 0
dp[0][8] = 0
dp[0][9] = 0
dp[0][10] = 0
dp[0][11] = 0
dp[0][12] = 0
dp[0][13] = 0
dp[0][14] = 0
dp[0][15] = 0
```
第二步,填充dp数组:
```
dp[1][0] = 0
dp[1][1] = 0
dp[1][2] = 0
dp[1][3] = 0
dp[1][4] = 0
dp[1][5] = 0
dp[1][6] = 0
dp[1][7] = 0
dp[1][8] = 0
dp[1][9] = 0
dp[1][10] = 0
dp[1][11] = 0
dp[1][12] = 4
dp[1][13] = 4
dp[1][14] = 4
dp[1][15] = 4
dp[2][0] = 0
dp[2][1] = 2
dp[2][2] = 2
dp[2][3] = 2
dp[2][4] = 2
dp[2][5] = 2
dp[2][6] = 2
dp[2][7] = 2
dp[2][8] = 2
dp[2][9] = 2
dp[2][10] = 2
dp[2][11] = 2
dp[2][12] = 4
dp[2][13] = 6
dp[2][14] = 6
dp[2][15] = 6
dp[3][0] = 0
dp[3][1] = 2
dp[3][2] = 2
dp[3][3] = 2
dp[3][4] = 10
dp[3][5] = 12
dp[3][6] = 12
dp[3][7] = 12
dp[3][8] = 12
dp[3][9] = 12
dp[3][10] = 12
dp[3][11] = 12
dp[3][12] = 14
dp[3][13] = 16
dp[3][14] = 16
dp[3][15] = 18
dp[4][0] = 0
dp[4][1] = 2
dp[4][2] = 2
dp[4][3] = 3
dp[4][4] = 10
dp[4][5] = 12
dp[4][6] = 12
dp[4][7] = 13
dp[4][8] = 13
dp[4][9] = 13
dp[4][10] = 13
dp[4][11] = 14
dp[4][12] = 14
dp[4][13] = 16
dp[4][14] = 18
dp[4][15] = 19
dp[5][0] = 0
dp[5][1] = 2
dp[5][2] = 2
dp[5][3] = 3
dp[5][4] = 10
dp[5][5] = 12
dp[5][6] = 12
dp[5][7] = 13
dp[5][8] = 13
dp[5][9] = 15
dp[5][10] = 15
dp[5][11] = 16
dp[5][12] = 16
dp[5][13] = 18
dp[5][14] = 20
dp[5][15] = 21
```
第三步,输出最大价值和最优解:
```
最大价值:21
最优解:2 4
```
因此,在背包容量为15时,最大价值为21,最优解为将第2个物品和第4个物品放入背包中。
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