【基础】使用pytest-bdd进行行为驱动测试

# 2.1 pytest-bdd的安装和配置

### 安装pytest-bdd

使用pip命令安装pytest-bdd：

pip install pytest-bdd

### 配置pytest-bdd

在项目目录中创建名为`pytest.ini`的配置文件，并添加以下内容：

[pytest]
addopts = --bdd

这将启用pytest-bdd插件，并指示pytest在运行测试时使用BDD功能。

# 2. pytest-bdd框架概述

### 2.1 pytest-bdd的安装和配置

#### 安装pytest-bdd

pip install pytest-bdd

#### 配置pytest-bdd

在项目根目录下创建`pytest.ini`文件，并添加以下配置：

[pytest]
addopts = --bdd

### 2.2 pytest-bdd的基本概念和流程

#### BDD术语

* **特性（Feature）：**业务需求或功能
* **场景（Scenario）：**特性的具体实现方式
* **步骤（Step）：**场景中的一个动作或验证点

#### pytest-bdd流程

1. **编写BDD测试用例：**使用Gherkin语言编写测试用例，描述特性、场景和步骤。
2. **运行测试用例：**使用pytest命令运行测试用例。
3. **执行步骤：**pytest-bdd将根据Gherkin语言中的步骤定义执行测试步骤。
4. **验证结果：**步骤执行后，pytest-bdd将验证实际结果是否与预期结果一致。

#### 代码示例

# features/test_login.feature
Feature: Login

Scenario: Successful login
    Given I am on the login page
    When I enter my username and password
    Then I should be logged in

# steps/login_steps.py
from pytest_bdd import given, when, then

@given("I am on the login page")
def step_on_login_page():
    # Implement the step logic

@when("I enter my username and password")
def step_enter_credentials():
    # Implement the step logic

@then("I should be logged in")
def step_verify_login():
    # Implement the step logic

#### 流程图

[流程图](https://mermaid-js.github.io/mermaid-live-editor/#/edit/eyJjb2RlIjoiZ3JhcGggTFJBQ0lOR1MgUFJPQ0VTR1xuICAgIGlzY1BvdGVudGlhbENvbnRlbnQoXCJ3cml0aW5nIElOIlxuICAgIGlzY1BvdGVudGlhbENvbnRlbnQoXCJleGVjdXRpb24gU1RFRFxcbiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC