单片机C语言PWM控制:PWM原理、配置和使用,实现精确的电机控制

发布时间: 2024-07-06 23:09:27 阅读量: 76 订阅数: 30
![单片机C语言PWM控制:PWM原理、配置和使用,实现精确的电机控制](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7bccd48cc923d795c1895b27b8100291.png) # 1. PWM控制基础** ### PWM概念和原理 脉宽调制(PWM)是一种通过改变脉冲宽度来控制输出功率或电压的技术。在PWM中,一个周期性方波的占空比(脉冲宽度与周期之比)与输出功率或电压成正比。通过调节占空比,可以精确控制输出的幅度。 ### PWM波形和参数 PWM波形由一系列脉冲组成,每个脉冲都有一个固定宽度(占空比)和一个固定周期。PWM波形的关键参数包括: - **频率:**PWM波形的周期性重复率,单位为赫兹(Hz)。 - **占空比:**脉冲宽度与周期之比,通常表示为百分比。 - **幅度:**PWM波形的峰值电压或功率。 # 2. 单片机PWM配置 ### PWM模块概述 PWM(脉冲宽度调制)模块是单片机中一种专门用于生成PWM波形的硬件外设。它通常包含以下主要组件: - **时钟源:**为PWM模块提供时钟信号,决定PWM波形的频率。 - **计数器:**用于产生PWM波形的脉冲序列,其值决定PWM波形的占空比。 - **比较器:**将计数器的值与比较值进行比较,决定PWM波形的输出状态。 - **输出引脚:**输出PWM波形。 ### PWM时钟和计数器配置 PWM模块的时钟源通常可以从系统时钟或外部时钟中选择。时钟频率决定PWM波形的频率。 计数器是一个可编程的寄存器,用于产生PWM波形的脉冲序列。计数器的值决定PWM波形的占空比。 ### PWM输出模式和占空比控制 PWM模块通常提供多种输出模式,例如: - **边缘对齐模式:**PWM波形在计数器溢出或复位时触发输出。 - **中心对齐模式:**PWM波形在计数器达到比较值时触发输出。 占空比是PWM波形高电平时间与总周期的比值。它可以通过设置计数器和比较器的值来控制。 #### 代码块: ```c // 设置PWM时钟源和频率 RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_TIM2EN; // 使能TIM2时钟 TIM2->PSC = 7200 - 1; // 设置时钟预分频器为7200 TIM2->ARR = 1000 - 1; // 设置自动重装载寄存器为1000 // 设置PWM输出模式和占空比 TIM2->CCMR1 |= TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1 | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_2; // 设置OC1模式为PWM模式1 TIM2->CCR1 = 500; // 设置OC1比较值,控制占空比为50% // 使能PWM输出 TIM2->CCER |= TIM_CCER_CC1E; // 使能OC1输出 ``` #### 代码逻辑分析: - `RCC->APB1ENR |= RCC_APB1ENR_TIM2EN;`:使能TIM2时钟。 - `TIM2->PSC = 7200 - 1;`:设置时钟预分频器为7200,即时钟频率为系统时钟的1/7200。 - `TIM2->ARR = 1000 - 1;`:设置自动重装载寄存器为1000,即PWM波形的频率为1000Hz。 - `TIM2->CCMR1 |= TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_1 | TIM_CCMR1_OC1M_2;`:设置OC1模式为PWM模式1,即边缘对齐模式。 - `TIM2->CCR1 = 500;`:设置OC1比较值为500,即占空比为50%。 - `TIM2->CCER |=
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