单片机C语言Modbus通信:Modbus协议、实现和应用,连接工业设备

发布时间: 2024-07-06 23:19:28 阅读量: 139 订阅数: 30
![单片机C语言Modbus通信:Modbus协议、实现和应用,连接工业设备](https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-4684686/44623a63f38cf3cf1779f7c60c87ab21.jpeg) # 1. Modbus协议基础** Modbus协议是一种工业通信协议,用于在电子设备之间交换数据。它是一种主从架构协议,其中一个设备(主设备)与多个设备(从设备)通信。Modbus协议使用串行通信,通常通过RS-485或以太网。 Modbus协议定义了一组消息格式和功能代码,用于读取和写入从设备中的数据。这些功能代码包括读取离散输入、读取保持寄存器和写入单个寄存器。Modbus协议还支持异常响应,允许从设备在发生错误时通知主设备。 # 2. Modbus协议实现 ### 2.1 Modbus主从设备架构 Modbus协议采用主从架构,其中一个设备作为主设备(Master),负责发起请求并控制通信流程;其他设备作为从设备(Slave),负责响应主设备的请求并提供数据。 主设备可以同时连接多个从设备,形成一个Modbus网络。每个从设备都有一个唯一的设备地址,用于标识其在网络中的位置。 ### 2.2 Modbus数据类型和寄存器寻址 Modbus协议支持多种数据类型,包括: - **布尔值 (Coil)**:表示开/关状态 - **离散输入 (Discrete Input)**:表示二进制输入信号 - **保持寄存器 (Holding Register)**:表示16位无符号整数 - **输入寄存器 (Input Register)**:表示16位有符号整数 Modbus协议使用寄存器寻址来访问设备中的数据。寄存器地址是一个16位无符号整数,标识要访问的寄存器的位置。 ### 2.3 Modbus通信过程和消息格式 Modbus通信过程遵循以下步骤: 1. **主设备发送请求消息:**主设备向从设备发送一个请求消息,其中包含从设备地址、功能代码和数据(例如,要读取或写入的寄存器地址)。 2. **从设备响应消息:**从设备收到请求消息后,根据功能代码处理请求并发送一个响应消息。响应消息包含从设备地址、功能代码和数据(例如,读取到的寄存器值或写入状态)。 3. **主设备接收响应消息:**主设备收到响应消息后,根据功能代码处理响应并执行相应的操作。 Modbus消息格式如下: ``` +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 字段 | 长度 | 描述 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 设备地址 | 1 字节 | 从设备的地址 | | 功能代码 | 1 字节 | 请求或响应的功能 | | 数据 | 可变 | 请求或响应的数据 | | CRC校验 | 2 字节 | 校验和 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ``` #### 代码示例 以下代码示例展示了主设备发送读取保持寄存器请求消息的过程: ```python import modbus_tk import modbus_tk.defines as cst import modbus_tk.modbus_tcp as modbus_tcp # 主设备IP地址 master_ip = '192.168.1.1' # 从设备地址 slave_id = 1 # 要读取的寄存器地址 register_address = 40001 # 读取寄存器的数量 num_registers = 10 # 创建Modbus TCP客户端 client = modbus_tcp.TcpMaster(host=master_ip) # 发送读取保持寄存器请求 client.execute(slave_id, cst.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, register_address, num_registers) # 接收从设备响应 response = client.execute(slave_id, cst.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, register_address, num_registers) # 打印读取到的寄存器值 print(response) ``` #### 逻辑分析 该代码首先创建了一个Modbus TCP客户端,然后发送一个读取保持寄存器请求消息。请求消息包含从设备地址、功能代码(读取保持寄存器)、要读取的寄存器地址和要读取的寄存器数量。 从设备收到请求消息后,读取指定的寄存器并发送一个响应消息。响应消息包含从设备地址、功能代码和读取到的寄存器值。 主设备收到响应消息后,打印读取到的寄存器值。 # 3. Modbus应用实践 ### 3.1 Modbus从设备实现 #### 3.1.1 从设备数据处理 从设备在收到主设备的请求消息后,需要对请求消息进行解析,提取出请求的寄存器地址、数据长度等信息。然后根据请求的信息,从设备从其内部存储器中读取或写入相应的数据。 ```python def process_request(self, request_message): """解析请求消息,提取请求信息""" # 解析请求消息 function_code = request_message[1] start_address = int.from_bytes(request_message[2:4], "big") num_registers = int.from_bytes(request_message[4:6], "big") # 根据请求信息读取或写入数据 if function_code == 3: # 读寄存器 data = self.read_registers(start_address, num_registers) elif function_code == 16: # 写单个寄存器 data = self.write_register(start_address, request_message[6:8]) elif function_code == 16: # 写多个寄存器 data = self.write_registers(start_address, request_message[6:]) # 构建响应消息 response_message = bytearray() response_message.append(request_message[0]) # 从设备地址 respons ```
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