使用c＋＋实现矩阵加法和矩阵转置运算

在C++中，我们可以创建类来表示矩阵，并提供相应的成员函数来实现矩阵加法和转置操作。这里是一个简单的例子：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

class Matrix {
private:
    std::vector<std::vector<int>> data; // 矩阵数据
    int rows, cols;

public:
    Matrix(int r, int c) : rows(r), cols(c) {} // 构造函数

    // 添加行数列数相同的矩阵
    Matrix operator+(const Matrix& other) const {
        if (rows != other.rows || cols != other.cols)
            throw std::invalid_argument("Matrices must have the same dimensions for addition.");
        
        Matrix result(rows, cols);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {
                result.data[i][j] = data[i][j] + other.data[i][j];
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 返回转置后的矩阵
    Matrix transpose() const {
        Matrix transposed(cols, rows);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {
                transposed.data[j][i] = data[i][j]; // 交换行和列
            }
        }
        return transposed;
    }

    void display() const { // 打印矩阵
        for (auto row : data) {
            for (int element : row) {
                std::cout << element << " ";
            }
            std::cout << "\n";
        }
    }
};

int main() {
    Matrix m1(2, 2);
    m1.data = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
    Matrix m2(2, 2);
    m2.data = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};

    std::cout << "Matrix 1:\n";
    m1.display();

    std::cout << "Matrix 2:\n";
    m2.display();

    Matrix sum = m1 + m2;
    std::cout << "Sum of matrices:\n";
    sum.display();

    Matrix transposed = m1.transpose();
    std::cout << "Transposed of matrix 1:\n";
    transposed.display();

    return 0;
}

这个程序定义了一个`Matrix`类，它有加法(`+`)、转置(`transpose`)以及显示(`display`)方法。在`main()`函数里，我们创建了两个矩阵并进行了加法和转置操作。