用c实现按照指数降序排列建立并输出多项式;能够完成两个多项式的输出、相加减,并将结果输出
时间: 2024-10-14 16:13:17 浏览: 20
在C语言中,我们可以使用数组来表示多项式,每个元素代表系数,而下标则代表变量的幂次。要实现按指数降序排列的多项式,我们可以首先定义一个结构体存储多项式的系数和指数,然后创建一个动态数组存放这些多项式。
以下是基本的实现步骤:
1. **定义多项式结构体**:
```c
typedef struct {
double coefficient;
int exponent;
} PolynomialTerm;
typedef struct {
PolynomialTerm* terms; // 存放多项式项的指针
int count; // 项的数量
} Polynomial;
```
2. **初始化多项式并输入**:
```c
void inputPolynomial(Polynomial* poly) {
printf("请输入多项式项(输入0结束):\n");
while (true) {
double coef;
int exp;
scanf("%lf %d", &coef, &exp);
if (coef == 0) break;
poly->terms = realloc(poly->terms, sizeof(PolynomialTerm) * (poly->count + 1));
poly->terms[poly->count].coefficient = coef;
poly->terms[poly->count].exponent = exp;
poly->count++;
}
}
```
3. **排序多项式**:
由于我们希望按照指数降序排列,可以添加一个辅助函数对`terms`数组进行排序。
```c
void sortDescendingExponents(Polynomial* poly) {
qsort(poly->terms, poly->count, sizeof(PolynomialTerm), compareTermsByExponent);
}
int compareTermsByExponent(const void* a, const void* b) {
return ((const PolynomialTerm*)b)->exponent - ((const PolynomialTerm*)a)->exponent;
}
```
4. **输出多项式**:
```c
void printPolynomial(const Polynomial* poly) {
for (int i = 0; i < poly->count; ++i) {
printf("%.2f * x^%d ", poly->terms[i].coefficient, poly->terms[i].exponent);
}
printf("\n");
}
```
5. **相加减多项式**:
需要实现两个多项式的合并操作,这里仅展示相加的部分,减法类似:
```c
Polynomial sumPolynomials(const Polynomial* poly1, const Polynomial* poly2) {
Polynomial result;
result.count = poly1->count + poly2->count;
result.terms = malloc(sizeof(PolynomialTerm) * result.count);
for (int i = 0; i < poly1->count; ++i) {
result.terms[i] = poly1->terms[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < poly2->count; ++i) {
result.terms[poly1->count + i].coefficient += poly2->terms[i].coefficient;
}
// 排序后返回
sortDescendingExponents(&result);
return result;
}
void outputSum(const Polynomial* result) {
printPolynomial(&result);
}
```
6. **运行程序示例**:
```c
int main() {
Polynomial poly1, poly2, result;
inputPolynomial(&poly1);
inputPolynomial(&poly2);
result = sumPolynomials(&poly1, &poly2);
outputSum(&result);
free(result.terms);
return 0;
}
```
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