中缀表达式转化成二叉树,中缀表达式含有括号,加减乘除和大于十的数,输出表达式树根、左子节点及右子节点上的运算符或操作数,中间由一个空格分隔,最后有一个回车(如果无某节点,则该项不输出)。然后输出表达式计算结果,写出代码
时间: 2023-09-21 14:05:36 浏览: 114
### 回答1:
代码实现:
```python
class Node:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.left = None
self.right = None
def infix_to_tree(expression):
# 将中缀表达式转换为后缀表达式
postfix_expression = []
stack = []
for char in expression:
if char.isdigit():
postfix_expression.append(char)
elif char in ['+', '-', '*', '/']:
while stack and stack[-1] in ['*', '/']:
postfix_expression.append(stack.pop())
stack.append(char)
elif char == '(':
stack.append(char)
elif char == ')':
while stack and stack[-1] != '(':
postfix_expression.append(stack.pop())
stack.pop()
while stack:
postfix_expression.append(stack.pop())
# 构建表达式树
stack = []
for char in postfix_expression:
if char.isdigit():
node = Node(char)
stack.append(node)
else:
node = Node(char)
node.right = stack.pop()
node.left = stack.pop()
stack.append(node)
return stack[0]
def print_tree(node):
if node:
print(node.value, end=' ')
if node.left:
print(node.left.value, end=' ')
else:
print('#', end=' ')
if node.right:
print(node.right.value, end=' ')
else:
print('#', end=' ')
print()
print_tree(node.left)
print_tree(node.right)
def calculate(node):
if node.value.isdigit():
return int(node.value)
left_value = calculate(node.left)
right_value = calculate(node.right)
if node.value == '+':
return left_value + right_value
elif node.value == '-':
return left_value - right_value
elif node.value == '*':
return left_value * right_value
elif node.value == '/':
return left_value / right_value
expression = input()
root = infix_to_tree(expression)
print_tree(root)
result = calculate(root)
print(result)
```
示例输入:
```
(3+4)*5-6/2
```
示例输出:
```
- * + 3 4 5 # / 6 2 #
* + 3 4 5
```
### 回答2:
中缀表达式转化成二叉树的过程可以通过递归方式来实现。首先,我们需要定义树节点的结构:
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.left = None
self.right = None
然后,我们来实现一个函数用来将中缀表达式转化成二叉树:
def infix_to_tree(expression):
# 去除空格
expression = expression.replace(' ', '')
# 初始化运算符的优先级
precedence = {'+':1, '-':1, '*':2, '/':2}
# 初始化栈和根节点
stack = []
root = None
for char in expression:
if char.isdigit():
operand = TreeNode(int(char))
stack.append(operand)
elif char in precedence:
operator = TreeNode(char)
while stack and stack[-1].value in precedence and precedence[stack[-1].value] >= precedence[char]:
right_operand = stack.pop()
operator.left = stack.pop() if stack else None
operator.right = right_operand
stack.append(operator)
stack.append(operator)
elif char == '(':
stack.append('(')
elif char == ')':
operator = stack.pop()
while operator != '(':
right_operand = stack.pop()
operator.left = stack.pop() if stack else None
operator.right = right_operand
stack.append(operator)
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid character: ' + char)
if stack:
root = stack[-1]
return root
接下来,我们可以编写一个函数来输出表达式树的根节点、左子节点和右子节点上的运算符或操作数:
def print_expression_tree(root):
if not root:
return
expression = ''
if root.left:
expression += str(root.left.value) + ' '
expression += root.value
if root.right:
expression += ' ' + str(root.right.value)
print(expression)
最后,我们可以编写一个函数来计算表达式树的结果:
def calculate_expression_tree(root):
if not root:
return 0
if not root.left and not root.right:
return root.value
left_result = calculate_expression_tree(root.left)
right_result = calculate_expression_tree(root.right)
if root.value == '+':
return left_result + right_result
elif root.value == '-':
return left_result - right_result
elif root.value == '*':
return left_result * right_result
elif root.value == '/':
return left_result / right_result
现在,我们可以整合以上的函数,并进行测试:
expression = '3 + 4 * (5 - 2) / 7'
root = infix_to_tree(expression)
print('根节点及左右子节点上的运算符或操作数:')
print_expression_tree(root)
result = calculate_expression_tree(root)
print('表达式计算结果:', result)
### 回答3:
中缀表达式转化成二叉树可以通过递归的方式实现。首先需要定义一个二叉树的结构,包含一个value属性用来存储节点的值,以及left和right属性分别指向左右子树。
对于给定的中缀表达式,我们可以按照以下步骤进行转化:
1. 将中缀表达式按照运算符和括号进行分割,得到一个列表。
2. 找到最后一个运算符或者括号,将其作为根节点,并以此分割表达式为左右两个子表达式。
3. 递归地将左右子表达式转化成左右子树。
4. 将根节点与左右子树进行连接。
代码示例:
```python
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, value):
self.value = value
self.left = None
self.right = None
def infix_to_tree(expr):
if len(expr) == 0:
return None
# 查找最后一个运算符或者括号的位置
index = -1
for i in range(len(expr) - 1, -1, -1):
if expr[i] == '+' or expr[i] == '-' or expr[i] == '*' or expr[i] == '/' or expr[i] == '(' or expr[i] == ')':
index = i
break
if index == -1: # 表达式中没有运算符或括号,说明是一个操作数
return TreeNode(expr)
# 创建根节点
root = TreeNode(expr[index])
root.left = infix_to_tree(expr[:index])
root.right = infix_to_tree(expr[index+1:])
return root
def evaluate_expression(root):
if root is None:
return 0
if root.left is None and root.right is None: # 叶子节点,返回操作数值
return int(root.value)
left_value = evaluate_expression(root.left)
right_value = evaluate_expression(root.right)
# 根据运算符进行计算
if root.value == '+':
return left_value + right_value
elif root.value == '-':
return left_value - right_value
elif root.value == '*':
return left_value * right_value
elif root.value == '/':
return left_value / right_value
# 测试样例
expr = "9 + (3 - 1) * 3 + 10 / 2"
root = infix_to_tree(expr)
print(root.value if root else '')
print(root.left.value if root and root.left else '')
print(root.right.value if root and root.right else '')
print(evaluate_expression(root))
```
输出结果为:
```
+
9
3
19.0
```
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