clear f = @(x,y) 20 + x.^2 + y.^2 - 10*cos(2*pi.*x) - 10*cos(2*pi.*y) ; x0 = [-5.12:0.05:5.12]; y0 = x0 ; [X,Y] = meshgrid(x0,y0); Z =f(X,Y) ; figure(1); mesh(X,Y,Z); colormap(parula(5)); n = 10; narvs = 2; c1 = 0.6; c2 = 0.6; w_max = 0.9; w_min = 0.4; K = 100; vmax = 1.2; x_lb = -5.12; x_ub = 5.12; x = zeros(n,narvs); x = x_lb + (x_ub-x_lb).*rand(n,narvs) v = -vmax + 2*vmax .* rand(n,narvs); fit = zeros(n,1); for i = 1:n fit(i) = Obj_fun1(x(i,:)); end pbest = x; ind = find(fit == max(fit), 1); gbest = x(ind,:); h = scatter(x,fit,80,'*r'); fitnessbest = ones(K,1); for d = 1:K for i = 1:n f_i = fit(i); f_avg = sum(fit)/n; f_max = max(fit); if f_i >= f_avg if f_avg ~= f_max w = w_min + (w_max - w_min)*(f_max - f_i)/(f_max - f_avg); else w = w_max; end else w = w_max; end v(i,:) = w*v(i,:) + c1*rand(1)*(pbest(i,:) - x(i,:)) + c2*rand(1)*(gbest - x(i,:)); for j = 1: narvs if v(i,j) < -vmax(j) v(i,j) = -vmax(j); elseif v(i,j) > vmax(j) v(i,j) = vmax(j); end end x(i,:) = x(i,:) + v(i,:); for j = 1: narvs if x(i,j) < x_lb(j) x(i,j) = x_lb(j); elseif x(i,j) > x_ub(j) x(i,j) = x_ub(j); end end fit(i) = Obj_fun1(x(i,:)); if fit(i) > Obj_fun1(pbest(i,:)) pbest(i,:) = x(i,:); end if fit(i) > Obj_fun1(gbest) gbest = pbest(i,:); end end fitnessbest(d) = Obj_fun1(gbest); pause(0.1) h.XData = x; h.YData = fit; end figure(2) plot(fitnessbest) xlabel('迭代次数'); disp('最佳的位置是：'); disp(gbest) disp('此时最优值是：'); disp(Obj_fun1(gbest)) function y = Obj_fun1(x) y = 7*cos(5*x) + 4*sin(x); end

代码中有两处错误：

1. 在初始化 x 变量时，应该使用矩阵赋值，而不是两次赋值。修改后的代码如下：

x = x_lb + (x_ub-x_lb).*rand(n,narvs);

2. 在迭代更新速度时，应该将速度限制在 [-vmax, vmax] 的范围内。修改后的代码如下：

for j = 1: narvs
    if v(i,j) < -vmax
        v(i,j) = -vmax;
    elseif v(i,j) > vmax
        v(i,j) = vmax;
    end
end

修改后的完整代码如下：

clear
f = @(x,y) 20 + x.^2 + y.^2 - 10*cos(2*pi.*x) - 10*cos(2*pi.*y);
x0 = [-5.12:0.05:5.12];
y0 = x0;
[X,Y] = meshgrid(x0,y0);
Z = f(X,Y);
figure(1);
mesh(X,Y,Z);
colormap(parula(5));
n = 10;
narvs = 2;
c1 = 0.6;
c2 = 0.6;
w_max = 0.9;
w_min = 0.4;
K = 100;
vmax = 1.2;
x_lb = -5.12;
x_ub = 5.12;
x = x_lb + (x_ub-x_lb).*rand(n,narvs);
v = -vmax + 2*vmax .* rand(n,narvs);
fit = zeros(n,1);
for i = 1:n
    fit(i) = Obj_fun1(x(i,:));
end
pbest = x;
ind = find(fit == max(fit), 1);
gbest = x(ind,:);
h = scatter(x(:,1),x(:,2),80,'*r');
fitnessbest = ones(K,1);
for d = 1:K
    for i = 1:n
        f_i = fit(i);
        f_avg = sum(fit)/n;
        f_max = max(fit);
        if f_i >= f_avg
            if f_avg ~= f_max
                w = w_min + (w_max - w_min)*(f_max - f_i)/(f_max - f_avg);
            else
                w = w_max;
            end
        else
            w = w_max;
        end
        v(i,:) = w*v(i,:) + c1*rand(1)*(pbest(i,:) - x(i,:)) + c2*rand(1)*(gbest - x(i,:));
        for j = 1: narvs
            if v(i,j) < -vmax
                v(i,j) = -vmax;
            elseif v(i,j) > vmax
                v(i,j) = vmax;
            end
        end
        x(i,:) = x(i,:) + v(i,:);
        for j = 1: narvs
            if x(i,j) < x_lb
                x(i,j) = x_lb;
            elseif x(i,j) > x_ub
                x(i,j) = x_ub;
            end
        end
        fit(i) = Obj_fun1(x(i,:));
        if fit(i) > Obj_fun1(pbest(i,:))
            pbest(i,:) = x(i,:);
        end
        if fit(i) > Obj_fun1(gbest)
            gbest = pbest(i,:);
        end
    end
    fitnessbest(d) = Obj_fun1(gbest);
    pause(0.1)
    h.XData = x(:,1);
    h.YData = x(:,2);
end
figure(2)
plot(fitnessbest)
xlabel('迭代次数');
disp('最佳的位置是：');
disp(gbest)
disp('此时最优值是：');
disp(Obj_fun1(gbest))
function y = Obj_fun1(x)
    y = 7*cos(5*x) + 4*sin(x);
end