STM32 Microcontroller Project Real Book: From Hardware Design to Software Development, Creating a Complete Microcontroller Project

# STM32 Microcontroller Project Practical Guide: From Hardware Design to Software Development, Crafting a Complete Microcontroller Project

## 1. Introduction to the STM32 Microcontroller Project Practical

### 1.1 Brief Introduction to STM32 Microcontroller

The STM32 microcontroller is a series of 32-bit microcontrollers introduced by STMicroelectronics, based on the ARM Cortex-M core, featuring high performance, low power consumption, a wealth of peripherals, and a broad range of applications.

### 1.2 Overview of the Project Practical

This project practical will comprehensively introduce the development process and practical skills of STM32 microcontroller projects from hardware design, software development, project debugging, optimization, and expansion. Through the analysis and implementation of specific projects, readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and applications of STM32 microcontrollers and master the practical capabilities of project development.

## 2. Hardware Design and Principle Analysis

### 2.1 STM32 Microcontroller Architecture and Selection

#### 2.1.1 Introduction to the STM32 Microcontroller Family

The STM32 microcontroller is a series of 32-bit microcontrollers introduced by STMicroelectronics, based on the ARM Cortex-M core architecture. STM32 microcontrollers are characterized by high performance, low power consumption, a wealth of on-chip peripherals, and a wide range of applications.

The STM32 microcontroller family includes multiple series, each optimized for different application scenarios. The main series include:

***STM32F series:** General-purpose microcontrollers with balanced performance, suitable for various applications.
***STM32L series:** Low-power microcontrollers, suitable for battery-powered devices and low-power applications.
***STM32H series:** High-performance microcontrollers, suitable for applications requiring high processing power and real-time performance.
***STM32G series:** Graphical microcontrollers with integrated graphics accelerators, suitable for human-machine interaction and graphical display applications.
***STM32W series:** Wireless connectivity microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless communication modules, suitable for Internet of Things and wireless applications.

#### 2.1.2 Comparison of Features of Different Series of Microcontrollers

Different series of STM32 microcontrollers have different features to meet various application needs. The table below compares the characteristics of the main series:

| Series | Performance | Power Consumption | Peripherals | Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STM32F | Moderate | Moderate | Rich | General Applications |
| STM32L | Low | Low | Limited | Battery-Powered Devices |
| STM32H | High | High | Rich | Real-Time Control |
| STM32G | Moderate | Moderate | Graphics Accelerator | Human-Machine Interaction |
| STM32W | Moderate | Moderate | Wireless Communication Modules | Internet of Things |

### 2.2 Circuit Principle Design and Simulation

#### 2.2.1 Principles of Drawing Circuit Schematics

A circuit schematic is a graphical representation that describes the connections and functions of a circuit. When drawing circuit schematics, the following principles should be followed:

* Use standard symbols and connection lines.
* Clearly label the names, models, and parameters of components.
* Use hierarchical design to break down complex circuits into smaller modules.
* Consider the electrical characteristics of the circuit, such as voltage, current, and impedance.

#### 2.2.2 Selection and Connection of Common Peripheral Devices

The STM32 microcontroller integrates a wealth of on-chip peripheral devices, such as GPIO, timers, ADC, DAC, etc. In circuit design, it is necessary to select appropriate devices according to application requirements and connect them.

The table below lists some of the common peripheral devices of the STM32 microcontroller and their functions:

| Peripheral Device | Function |
|---|---|
| GPIO | General-Purpose Input/Output Ports |
| Timer | Pulse Generation, Time Measurement |
| ADC | Analog-to-Digital Converter |
| DAC | Digital-to-Analog Converter |
| USART | Serial Communication Interface |
| SPI | Serial Peripheral Interface |
| I2C | Two-Wire Serial Interface |

### 2.3